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The hypothesis stating that the population mean years of age of students in a school is equal to 15 will necessarily be the Alternative hypothesis of the test (the null hypothesis will be that the average is different from 15).
Non-parametric tests rely on assumptions about the shape of the underlying population distribution and the parameters of the assumed distribution.
The alternative hypothesis (the opposite of the null hypothesis) can be thought of as meaning no change or no different from the assertion we want to test.
When we are dealing with samples (not census)
Efficiency is:
The Law of the Large Numbers says that...
The margin of error in the population mean estimation reflects: