Some organisms have adapted to live in very extreme conditions and are known as extremophiles. Match the type of extremophile to the condition it lives in.

alkaliphile 

Complete the paragraphs from the results section of a paper using the words and phrases in the box.

During the rapid heating, the Ni near the Ni/SiC interface reacted with the SiC, which resulted in carbon atoms moving into the Ni. The carbon atoms then separated onto the surface of the Ni during the cooling procedure, forming graphene layers (1) Fig. lb. In (2) the graphene generated using single-crystalline SiC, the graphene synthesised by this process is (3) __________ easier to remove from the SiC surface.

An abstract usually contains one or two key sentences from each section of a paper. Read the following extract from somebody's draft abstract. Match a section to the extract.

With die aim of evaluating this possibility two microorganisms, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, an acidophile, and Deinococcus radiodurans, a radiation-resistant microorganism, were exposed to simulated Mars conditions; that is, 95% CO,, 2.7% N,, 1.6% Ar and 0.6% H,O with a pressure of 7 mbars. Temperature was set at 150 К and ultraviolet radiation was in the wavelength range of 200-400 nmat. Exposure was for different times under the protection of 2 and 5 mm layers of oxidised iron minerals. Survival was evaluated by growing die organisms on fresh media.

An abstract usually contains one or two key sentences from each section of a paper. Read the following extract from somebody's draft abstract. Match a section to the extract.

Here we report that both the 2 and 5 mm thick layers provided enough protection against radiation and Mars environmental conditions for die bacteria to survive (Figs. 2 & 3).

Complete the paragraphs from the results section of a paper using the words and phrases in the box.

During the rapid heating, the Ni near the Ni/SiC interface reacted with the SiC, which resulted in carbon atoms moving into the Ni. The carbon atoms then separated onto the surface of the Ni during the cooling procedure, forming graphene layers (1)____________Fig. lb. In (2) the graphene generated using single-crystalline SiC, the graphene synthesised by this process is (3) easier to remove from the SiC surface.

Read the extract from a research paper. Then match the extract with the part of the paper it comes from.

The highest storage factor attained is 89 for compacted grain-based activated carbons from rain sorghum. Therefore, sorghum-based activated carbons will be effective for natural gas storage in the fuel tanks of motor vehicles.

Some organisms have adapted to live in very extreme conditions and are known as extremophiles. Match the type of extremophile to the condition it lives in.

cryophile

An abstract usually contains one or two key sentences from each section of a paper. Read the following extract from somebody's draft abstract. Match a section to the extract.

Current surface conditions on Mars are extremely challenging for life. However, Nicholson and Schuerger (2005) reported that Bacillus subtilis was able to survive for 19 days under Mars atmospheric pressure and composition. The question is whether there are any features on Mars that could provide protection against the surface conditions. One possibility is that the surface material plays a protective role due to the fact that it is composed of iron oxides and hydroxides.

Read the extract from a research paper. Then match the extract with the part of the paper it comes from.

Carbonisation and activation were performed in an electrical-resistance furnace under a steady flow of gaseous The samples were contained in cylindrical baskets made from 60 mesh stainless steel gauze. 

The paragraph below describes the limitations and suggestions for future direction of a study looking at the production of graphene layers. Complete the paragraph using the words and phrases in the box.

The study (1)____________that it is possible to produce large-area graphene films using a solid-phase-based method. It is (2)__ __________that this research can (3)____________a basis for further studies into graphene synthesis. One limitation of the present research is that the (4)____________ of the study did not (5)____________us to investigate the differences between using 6H-SiC and 3C-SiC/Si substrates. (6)____________this limitation, we do not know if this method is selective for the type of SiC substrate. In addition, the current study did not investigate a range of heating rates. It is possible that lower temperatures could be used if the process were lengthened. This is a (7)____________limitation of the study and (8) __ _________ further research questions related to the possibility of optimising processing conditions to better control graphene production.