This surgical procedure is used to evaluate intra-abdominal or pelvic pathology (e.g., tumor, endometriosis) in patients with acute or chronic abdominal pain and operability in patients with cancer. It is also used for lymphoma staging and liver biopsy.

These are sugar molecules. Along with proteins and fats, they are one of three main nutrients found in foods and drinks. The organism breaks down them into glucose. Glucose, or blood sugar, is the main source of energy for the body's cells, tissues, and organs.

This is the scientific study of the effects of drugs and chemicals on living organisms where a drug can be broadly defined as any chemical substance, natural or synthetic, which affects a biological system. It may involve how organisms handle drugs, identification and validation of new targets for drug action, and the design and development of new drugs to prevent, treat and cure disease. Its research is also a critical component in the development of modern 'personalized medicine'.