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Процедурне програмування (кіббез)

Процедурне програмування (кіббез)

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Which of the following is not true about unions?

Accessing a different member than the one last written is undefined behavior

❌

The size of a union equals the size of its largest member

❌

Each member has separate memory

✅

All members share the same memory

❌

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Which one of the following best describes what will happen when you index an array out of bounds?

The behavior is undefined.

✅

The program will access whatever value is in that box.

❌

The compiler will give an error.

❌

The program will segfault.

❌

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What does padding in structs help with?

Preventing recursion

❌

Memory saving

❌

CPU alignment and performance

✅

Reducing pointer size

❌

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Write a declaration of a function pointer (call it f_ptr) to a function that takes an int argument and returns a double.

double sqrt(int);

Don't use spaces in answer.

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What is a function pointer?

A function return value that is a pointer

❌

A function parameter that is a pointer

❌

A pointer to the last instruction in a function

❌

A pointer to the first instruction in a function

✅

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What is the main difference between shallow and deep copying of structs?

Depends on context, both can be identical

❌

Shallow copy automatically allocates new memory

❌

Deep copy duplicates pointers and data; shallow copy only copies pointers

✅

Shallow copy duplicates pointers and data; deep copy only copies pointers

❌

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Assuming a is a pointer to a struct with field x, which one of the following has the same semantics (meaning) as (*a).x ?

a->x

*a.x

*(a.x)

x->a

What is the result of code:

typedef struct {

int n;

} some_struct;

some_struct* createStruct() {

some_struct s;

s.n = 1;

return &s;

}

some_struct* s = createStruct();

printf("s->n = %d\n", s->n);

Output:

"s->n = 0"

Output:

Compilation error

Undefined behavior

Consider an attacker who writes a string input that contains machine instructions. When the string is read in, it overwrites an existing return address, causing the function to execute the malicious code.

What type of security vulnerability is this?

Unsanitized input

Buffer overflow

Format string attack

Bytewise meltdown

What is a struct?

A programming construct that allows the programmer to change how frames are con-struct-ed