The technique of increasing the representation of a

sub-population in order to avoid errors due to small sample sizes.

A group we are interested in studying. Often refers to a group of people, but the term is used for other subjects,

too.

A value far from the central tendency.

A statistic intended to

quantify the skewness of a distribution based on the median, mean,

and standard deviation.

A person who responds to a survey

The deviation of an actual value from a model

A study that follows a population over time,

collecting data from the same group repeatedly.

A model of a system based on the assumption that

an apparent effect is due to chance.

Random noise added to data for purposes of visualization.

An effect that is

unlikely to occur by chance

The number of times a value appears in a sample.

The 50th percentile, often used as a measure of central tendency.

A group we are interested in studying. Often refers to a group of people, but the term is used for other subjects,

too.

Values collected and recorded with little or no checking,

calculation or interpretation.

The part of a distribution at the high and low extremes

Evidence, often personal, that is collected casually rather than by a well-designed study.

A model of a system based on the assumption that

an apparent effect is due to chance.

A distribution in which all values have the

same frequency

The derivative of a continuous CDF, a function that maps a value to its probability density.

An effect that is

unlikely to occur by chance