To desensitize the patient to the manual contact of the therapist.

To strengthen the surrounding muscles through repetitive movement.

To decrease pain and muscle spasm.

To increase Range of motion in the adjacent joints.

To monitor the patient’s response to treatment interventions.          

in the lumbar spine because the spinous process is long and sloping

in the thoracic spine because the Transverse process is long and sloping

in the lumbar spine because the transverse process is long and sloping

in the Thoracic spine because the spinous process is long and sloping

in the cervical spine because the spinous process is long and sloping

Ipsilateral rib depression and internal torsion

Ipsilateral rib depression and external torsion

Ipsilateral rib elevation and external torsion

contralateral rib depression and internal torsion

navel shifts towards the paralyzed side.

Inability to maintain the trunk in a flexed position

Upward movement of the umbilicus during a supine head lift

Check the integrity of the alar ligament

Check the integrity of the transverse ligament

Check the mobility of lower cervical spine

Test vertebrobasilar isufficiency

Transitional Vertebrae

Role of three

Sympathetic Chain

Coupled Motion

Nonphysiological motion. Rotation and side bending occur in contralateral sides in cervical spine.

Coupled motion. Rotation and side bending occur in ipsilateral sides in cervical spine.

Nonphysiological motion. Rotation and side bending occur in ipsilateral sides in cervical spine.

Coupled motion. Rotation and side bending occur in contralateral sides in the upper thoracic spine.

to releive pain and muscle spasm

 and to measure patient's progress throughout intervention

to releive pain and muscle spasm

to measure patient's progress throughout intervention

and in research

in research

to measure patient's progress throughout intervention