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General and economic law [Nappali] [2025/26/1]

General and economic law [Nappali] [2025/26/1]

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Which are features of a preliminary contract?

It creates an obligation to conclude a future contract

It is merely a non-binding letter of intent

It has legal effect as soon as concluded

It may be refused if essential circumstances change unexpectedly

It always results in immediate ownership transfer

The refusing party must prove unforeseeable and essential change

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Which are forms of objective (strict) liability under Hungarian civil law?

Liability always requires criminal intent

Exemption possible only if caused by unavoidable external event

Liability for contracts between private parties

Liability for dangerous operations (e.g. transport, chemicals)

Liability for damage caused by an animal

Liability without the need to prove fault

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Which of the following correctly describe indirect effect (harmonious interpretation)?

It applies even when EU law lacks direct effect

National law should be interpreted consistently with EU law

It permits rewriting of national statutes entirely

It is enforceable only by the Commission

It applies only to regulations

It derives from the Von Colson case

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According to the Dassonville formula, which measures qualify as “having equivalent effect”?

Rules capable of hindering trade, directly or indirectly

Only measures imposing customs duties

Measures limited to specific products

Administrative formalities delaying imports

Measures applied even without discriminatory purpose

Only those with proven restrictive intent

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Which of the following correctly describe harmonisation in the EU?

Can allow stricter national measures if permitted by EU law

Always requires unanimity in the Council

Automatically replaces Article 34 TFEU

Applies only to taxation

Can be full or minimum depending on the directive

Used to eliminate legal barriers to trade

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Which correctly describe the codification process in modern times?

It ensures consistency and accessibility

It abolishes all case law

It freezes law permanently with no updates

It simplifies and unifies scattered legal provisions

It can include revisions through amendment laws

It helps legal education and interpretation

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Which statements describe adverse possession (elbitoklás)?

Possession must be continuous and uninterrupted

Requires a statutory period (e.g., 15 years)

Applies only to movable things

Occurs instantly when possession begins

Must be in good faith and lawful

Converts possession into ownership by lapse of time

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Which are main areas of justice in Hungary?

Civil and criminal adjudication

Constitutional justice

Administrative justice

Religious court justice

Arbitration and special courts

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What is the aim of free movement of capital within the EU?

To centralise banking under EU control

To prevent cross-border investment

To regulate national monetary policies

To facilitate unrestricted movement of funds and investments between Member States

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Which are grounds for invalidity of a contract?

Failure to perform a valid contract

Price disproportion or unfair terms in trade

Formal error violating mandatory requirements

Defect of will (coercion, mistake, duress)

Illegality or violation of good morals

Breach of competition law always causes invalidity

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