emigration

a reduction of minimum statutory wage

development of the widespread  Internet use

an increase in unemployment benefits

reduction in labour force caused by ageing population

Wages are above equilibrium due to a strong position of trade unions and wage bargaining

Wages are adjusted proportionally to labour productivity

Wages are set above the equilibrium wage level

High wages are set to encourage labour productivity and reduce the termination of contracts

excess demand for money

increase in government purchases

excess demand for goods and services

increase in inflationary expectations

does not influence the level of the potential output

push price level up

increases private sector spending

is offset by a full crowding-out effect

If the money supply decreases by 5%, the rate of inflation decreases by 5%

If the money supply increases, the prices decrease proportionally

If prices increase by 10%, the central bank increases the refinancing interest rate by 10%

If the central bank keeps the money supply stable, the price level will be stable