heuristic decision-making

nonconsensual decision-making

preference-based decision making

personal decision-making

none of these

EEG

CAT

They are all similar

PET

fMRI

the strength of inductive

generalizations covaries with the number of observations

inductive generalizations cannot arise from observations, because observations

are always limited. Establishing generalizations requires a principle of

uniformity of nature, but this principle itself cannot be established by

observation or deductive inference; the principal can only be established by

inductive inference.... Leading to a vicious circle

the principal of the uniformity of nature can

underwrite inductive generalizations

the principal of the uniformity of nature, along

with knowledge of causal mechanisms, can justify inductive generalizations

inductive generalizations cannot arise from

observations but can be inferred by using deductive reasoning

Valid argument with believable conclusion

Conflicting relations

Indeterminacy

Belief-logic conflicts

Lack of semantic content

illusionary correlation

ignorance-based decision making

illusionary correlation and biases due to retrievability of instances

biases due to retrievability of instances

ignorance-based decision making, biases due to retrievability of instances, and illusionary correlation

it is the problem of distinguishing between

System 1 and System 2 in dual mechanism theories.

it is the problem of differentiating functions or systems based just on

behaviour

it is the problem of differentiating between

different dual mechanism theories

it is the problem of imprinting in ducklings.

none of these

all of these

propositional representations and structure sensitivity of process

structure sensitivity of process and task environment 

short-term memory limitations and sequential processing

the problem space and the task environment

Blood flow

Blood oxygenation level

Electrical activity

Neuronal activity

none of these

cognitive psychology

structuralism

Freudian psychology

behaviourism

gestalt psychology

They are structurally isomorphic and the “Missionaries and Cannibals” problem is ill-structured, while the “Tower of Hanoi” problem is not

They are structurally isomorphic

The “Tower of Hanoi” problem is ill-structured, while the “Missionaries and Cannibals” problem is not

There is no difference

The “Missionaries and Cannibals” problem is ill-structured, while the “Tower of Hanoi” problem is not