Observing the scintillation light produced by neutrino–electron elastic scattering.

Measuring the activity of radioactive argon atoms produced by neutrino capture on chlorine nuclei.

Detecting the Cherenkov radiation produced directly by neutrinos travelling through water.

I do not answer.

Measuring the neutron emission following antineutrino capture by free protons.

They determine the minimum energy required to excite a nucleon between two shells.

They specify the maximum nuclear spin allowed by the Pauli exclusion principle.

I do not answer.

They provide single-particle reference values for nuclear magnetic moments, assuming an unpaired nucleon outside a closed-shell core.

They give exact upper and lower bounds that every measured nuclear magnetic moment must obey.