The upper mantle extends from 35 km to approximately 660 km deep.

The outer core is solid and the inner core is liquid.

The crust is the thickest layer of the Earth.

Continental crust is thinner than oceanic crust.

Physical Geology

Historical Geology

Astrophysics

Economic Geology

High fluidity due to heat

High density due to iron

Rigid structure

Cold temperatures

Asthenosphere

Inner core

Mantle

Outer core

Lithosphere and asthenosphere

Crust and lithosphere

Upper and lower mantle

Outer core and inner core

Earth's history and materials

Space exploration

The study of ocean currents

Weather patterns

Identifies best agriculture practices

Provides weather forecasts

Develops software for data analysis

Helps in choosing stable construction sites

Detect subsurface conditions

Navigate ships

Forecast weather

Explore archaeological sites

Economic downturns

Landslides

Pollution

Hurricanes

3.5 billion years

4.6 billion years

2.6 billion years

5.6 billion years