Given a distributed file storage system, which synchronization approach (centralized, distributed, or token ring) would be most efficient for ensuring data consistency, and why?

In a sensor network monitoring environmental conditions, how can election algorithms help maintain a reliable leader node, and what happens if the current leader fails?

Consider a shared printer in a network of offices—how can distributed mutual exclusion algorithms prevent conflicts and ensure fair access?

In a distributed online shopping platform, how can event ordering ensure that inventory updates occur correctly when multiple customers order the same item simultaneously?

What is the purpose of implementing a global security architecture in distributed systems?

Which key security principle ensures that system services remain accessible even during attacks or failures?