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Course 8464

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Match each reaction with the appropriate description. If you cannot see the images, collapse the navigation panels on the right and/or left.

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Match each listed reaction to the respiratory complex in which it occurs.

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Iššūkio užduotis. Koliokviumuose ar egzmine tokių nebus.

Kai kuriuose anaerobiniuose prokariotuose gliukozė yra metabolizuojama kiek kitaip – ne iki piruvato, o iki acetato. Pirma kelio dalis yra tokia pati, kaip glikolizėje (iki fruktozės-1,6-bisfosfato). Tolimesnių reakcijų schema pavaizduota žemiau. Reakcijos beveik tokios pačios, kaip glikolizėje (junginiai kitokie tik). Pavaizduota, kur yra sunaudojamas ar susidaro ATP. Tačiau neparodoma, kur susidaro ar yra sunaudojami: NAD+/NADH, Pi, H2O, or H+. Nupieškite tarpinių junginių B, F, G, H, I struktūras ir sužymėkite struktūras raidėmis.

scheme

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Challenge task. There will be no such tasks in the midterm or final exam.

In some anaerobic prokaryotes, glucose is metabolized somewhat differently – not to pyruvate, but to acetate. The first part of the pathway is the same as in glycolysis (up to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate). The scheme of the subsequent reactions is shown below. The reactions are almost the same as in glycolysis (only the compounds are different). It is indicated where ATP is consumed or produced. However, it is not shown where NAD+/NADH, Pi, H2O, or H+ are produced or consumed. Draw the structures of the intermediates B, F, G, H, I and pair the structures with appropriate letters.

scheme

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Pavaizduotas DNR fragmentas, sudarytas iš keturių nukleotidų. Kokia azotinių bazių seka yra komplementari nupieštai struktūrai? (Užrašyta seka turi būti iš 5’ galo į 3‘ galą).

seka

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Junginys dideoksicitidinas yra naudojamas kaip vaistas prieš tam tikras virusines infekcijas. Fermentai jį atpažįsta ir įjungia į DNR kaip citidiną. Paaiškinkite, kodėl DNR sintezė sustoja, kai tik šis junginys yra įjungiamas į sintetinamą DNR grandinę?

jung

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A DNA fragment composed of four nucleotides is shown. What sequence of nitrogenous bases is complementary to the drawn structure? (Write the sequence from the 5′ end to the 3′ end.)

seka

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The compound dideoxycytidine is used as a drug against certain viral infections. Enzymes recognize it and incorporate it into DNA as if it were cytidine. Explain why DNA synthesis stops as soon as this compound is incorporated into the growing DNA strand.

jung

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Analysis of the DNA of a certain virus showed that it consists of:

24.0% A; 23.3% G; 21.5% C; 31.2% T.

This DNA appears not to follow Chargaff’s base-ratio rules. Explain a possible reason for this discrepancy.

This DNA is most likely (two words): 

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Tam tikro viruso DNR analizė parodė, kad ji sudaryta iš:

24.0% A; 23.3% G; 21.5% C; 31.2% T.

Atrodo, ši DNR neatitinka Chargaff santykių taisyklių. Paaiškinkite, kokia galima tokio neatitikimo priežastis.

Ši DNR, tikėtina, yra (lietuviškai - vienas žodis, angl. - du žodžiai):  

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