on the other hand

despite

however

whereas

Ask them to write everything instead of speaking.

Ignore the L1 use so they feel comfortable.

Tell students they cannot speak in L1 or they will lose points.

Remind them to use English and give them a time limit or goal (e.g., agree on 3 ideas)

whether

was if

that

if that

She said she was preparing a listening activity for class.

She said she had already finished her writing assessment

She said she was preparing a speaking assessment.

shout to gain control

assign group leaders and clear roles

give long lectures

ignore noise

giving extra homework

removing students from class

verbal praise and small rewards

public criticism

Direct Method

Suggestopedia

Audio-Lingual

Grammar Translation

Every night the workers by cleaned the streets

Workers clean the streets every night

The streets clean every night

The streets are cleaned every night by workers

Clean streets there are

to be

be

been

being

Mark the mistake and move on

Wait until the end of the lesson.

Provide a reformulation and concept-check: “We say ‘a lot of pollution’ — can we count pollution?”

Ask them to translate the sentence.