Crowdly

increases as the pH decreases

increases when DPG binds to it

increases as the P_CO2 increases

the slow waves typical of deep sleep are generated by the activity of T channels in the thalamus

In the EEG ...

REM sleep is indicated by a predominance of delta and theta waves

beta rhythms generally have larger amplidude than alpha rhythms

alpha and delta rhythms are typical of wakefulness

Dysfunctions of the reticular ascending system may typically lead to ...

dysregulation in the wake-sleep cycle

Secretions in the digestive system ...

are influenced by GI content

are mostly controlled by the autonomic system

are inhibited by gastrin and cholecystokinin

are controlled by Auerbach's myenteric plexus

The epithelium of the macula densa ...

releases ATP in response to low sodium load (tubulo-glomerular feedback)

releases renin in response to low sodium load

is a sensor of Na⁺ concentration in the lumen, independent of GFR

expresses the same transport systems as the thick part of the ascending limb of Henle's loop

In the presence of myocardial insufficiency ...

oedema may ensue due to systemic vasodilation

the heart tends toward hypertrophy due to the actions of catecholamines, angiotensin II and aldosterone

the heart tends toward hypertrophy due to the reduced blood pressure

the heart tends toward hypotrophy due to the reduced coronary perfusion

The distal >>>convoluted<<< tubule ...

contains cells that sense sodium concentration in the lumen and activate the release of renin by the iuxtaglomerular apparatus

contains cells that respond to vasopressin by expressing aquaporins

contains both principal cells involved in regulating sodium reabsorption and intercalated cells involved in proton secretion and bicarbonate synthesis

has a water-permeable epithelium