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Pancreatic lipase

Bile salts

What is the basic structure of a triglyceride?

One glycerol backbone + one fatty acid

One glycerol backbone + two fatty acids

One glycerol backbone + three fatty acids

Three glycerol backbones + one fatty acid

Which process describes what happens to proteins during

digestion?

Proteins

are converted directly into glucose

Proteins

are broken down into smaller peptides and amino acids

Proteins

are stored unchanged in muscle tissue

Proteins

are immediately converted to fat

Why is protein recommended to be included in all meals

throughout the day?

prevent muscle loss during sleep only

increase total calorie intake throughout the day

replace carbohydrates as the primary energy source

provide satiety and assist with meeting RDI targets for protein

What does current research suggest about branched-chain

amino acids (BCAAs) for endurance performance?

They

should be taken by all endurance athletes without exception

Evidence

is mixed with research showing inconsistent results and methodological flaws

They

consistently improve performance in all athletes

They

are only effective when combined with carbohydrates

What distinguishes high quality proteins from low quality

proteins?

High

quality proteins contain more calories per gram

High

quality proteins provide all essential amino acids needed by the body

High

quality proteins contain fewer total amino acids

High

quality proteins are only found in supplement form

What determines the secondary structure of a protein?

The

sequence of amino acids in the protein chain

The

polypeptide shape (helix, folded) adopted by different proteins

The

3D shape of the polypeptide chain

The

number of amino acids joined together

What is the primary function of protein in human nutrition?

store energy for long-term use

serve as building blocks for tissues and support various metabolic functions

regulate body temperature

provide the main source of energy for daily activities

Which protein sources have the highest protein digestibility

scores (PDCAAS) of 1.0?

Whey,

egg white, casein, and milk

Plant

proteins and grains

Nuts

and seeds exclusively

Soy

protein isolate and legumes only

Which pancreatic enzymes are involved in protein digestion?

Dipeptidases,

tripeptidases, and glucose

Melanin,

thyroxine, and insulin

Pepsin,

hydrochloric acid, and aminopeptidases

Trypsin,

chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidases