Fetch → Execute → Decode → Store

Decode → Fetch → Execute → Store

Fetch → Decode → Execute → Store

Fetch→ Store → Decode → Execute

Supercomputers

Personal computers

Embedded systems

Mainframe computers

The set of machine language instructions that a CPU can execute

The speed at which the CPU operates

The software that runs on the CPU

The physical layout of the computer hardware

Data Bus

Address Bus

Control Bus

Network Bus

High processing power and storage capacity

to operate for extended length of time without shutting down

Dedicated to specific tasks

Quick boot-up

Maximise the number of instructions in the instruction set

Make use of more complex hardware to improve performance

Reduce the number of registers for simplicity

Simplify instructions to execute them more quickly

Large and complex instruction set

Fewer instructions, each taking one clock cycle

High power consumption due to complex instructions

Multiple cycles per instruction

Supercomputers

Workstations

Embedded systems

Mainframe computers

It is an SaaS

It is an IaaS

It is a PaaS

It is an NaaS

Transfer rate

Transmission time

Rotational latency

Seek time