Epidermis

Cartilage

Blood

Fat

Bone

Spontaneous mutation

Ts65Dn Down syndrome model

Gene targeting

Transgenic

Knockout

The transplant would develop into an eye-like structure

The transplanted tissue would form new vertebrae

The transplant would develop into tissues of the hindlimb

The transplant would die in the new region

The transplant would not undergo any further development

Lamellae

Osteocytes

Osteoclasts

Osteoblasts

Chondrocytes

Endochondral ossification

Intramembranous ossification

Chondrocytic ossification

Mesenchymal ossification

Maintained in an undifferentiated state in the laboratory when supplemented with growth factors

Present in adult bone marrow and capable of regenerating multiple tissues following injury

A normal embryonic cell type maintained throughout the first 5 days of development

Totipotent and capable of producing a new individual when placed into the uterus of a foster mother

Extravillous trophoblasts

Foetal capillary endothelium

Cytotrophoblasts

Syncytiotrophoblasts

To constrict the arteries to prevent excess blood reaching the foetus

To extend the growth of the arteries into the umbilicus

To reduce pulsatile flow in the arteries, and increase blood supply

The motor neurons in the spinal cord will be bigger in size than normal

The number of motor neurons in the spinal cord will be the same as normal

Some motor neurons will differentiate into other neuronal types such as sensory neurons

Fewer motor neurons will undergo apoptosis than normal