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One of the essential functions of the cell is energy production. Where is this primarily carried out in eukaryotic cells and where is this carried out in prokaryotic cells?

Mitochondria for eukaryotes, ribosomes for prokaryotes.

Mitochondria for eukaryotes, cell membrane for prokaryotes.

Ribosomes for eukaryotes, mitochondria for prokaryotes.

Ribosomes for eukaryotes, ribosomes for prokaryotes.

In an evolutionary sense, what most likely relates to secondary endosymbiosis?

A eukaryotic cell engulfing another eukaryotic cell.

A eukaryotic cell engulfing a prokaryotic cell.

A prokaryotic cell engulfing another prokaryotic cell.

A prokaryotic cell engulfing a eukaryotic cell.

Based on current evidence, one of the events leading from the first eukaryotic common ancestor to the modern eukaryotic cell would be:

A vesicle forms in the cytoplasm of a cyanobacterium and forms the outer membrane of the mitochondria.

A vesicle forms in the cytoplasm of a cyanobacterium and forms the inner membrane of the mitochondria.

A vesicle forms in the cytoplasm of a bacterium and forms the outer membrane of the mitochondria.

A vesicle forms in the cytoplasm of an Archaea and forms the outer membrane of the mitochondria.

Chloroplasts require many proteins for normal function in the cell. Where are these proteins encoded?

All proteins are encoded by the nucleus of the cell where the chloroplasts are located.

All proteins are encoded by the chloroplasts genome.

Some proteins are encoded by the nucleus of the cell, other proteins are encoded by the chloroplast’s genome.

All proteins needed for chloroplast function are made outside the cell in another area of the plant and are transported in.

Above is a representation of the currently accepted tree of life. The Roman numerals represent individual species, and there is at least one species representing each of the three domains.

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If species IV is an eukaryotic organism, which domain is species II most likely to belong to?

Eukaryotes

Archaea

Bacteria

Fungi

If a scientist carried out a growth experiment on a prokaryote in media without a carbon source you would expect:

No growth

Not enough information to determine

Normal growth

Intermediate growth

You place a cell without any osmotic homeostasis mechanisms into a solution of NaCl that is at a much higher concentration than that inside the cell. What is the likely effect on the cell structure?

The cell membrane will dissolve.

The cell will shrink and may crenate.

The cell will swell and may burst (lyse).

Little to no change will be observed.