The wave of sounds between two points along the length of the nerves

The strength of the spines to displacement

The wave of electrical activity between two points along the length of the nerves

The individual APs from many neurons

The strength of the stimulus applied to displace spines 

The interval between the APs slightly decreased through action of the Na⁺/K⁺ pump

The interval between the APs slightly increased only in the absolute refractory period 

The interval between the APs increased through refractory period effects

The interval between the APs decreased

The interval between the APs increased through fatigue

high pass filters >3000 Hz would lengthen the absolute refractory period

high pass filters >3000 Hz would lengthen the relative refractory period

high pass filters > 3000 Hz would remove or attenuate the AP

high pass filters >3000 Hz would kill the nerves

high pass filters >3000 Hz would overstimulate the nerve

Schwann cell

Oligodendrocyte or Schwann cell

Dendrites

Axon hillock

Myelin sheath

Voltage-gated Na⁺ channels

Ungated (passive) Na⁺ channels

The equilibrium potential for all permeating ions

The Na⁺/K⁺ active transport pump

Voltage-gated K⁺ channels

Allows multiple action potentials to be fired in quick succession

Sensitises the neuron to further stimulus

Prevents an action potential from propagating backwards

Increases conduction velocity

Prevents current from propagating backwards

efferent, the CNS, muscles

afferent, sensory organs, the CNS

efferent, muscles, the CNS

afferent, the CNS, sensory organs

projection interneurons, one nuclei, another nuclei

K⁺ permeability increases immediately.

Voltage-gated K⁺ channels close.

Na⁺ permeability starts to increase rapidly.

Na⁺ channels are immediately inactivated.

Cl^- channels move rapidly outwards.