Abrasive action between the tool and the workpiece.

A heat affected zone (HAZ) in the areas surrounding the surfaces where material has been removed.

A large force between the workpiece and the cutting tool requiring sturdy and rigid structurers.

Hard and sharp cutting edges made commonly from high speed steel or ceramics such as carbide.

The peeling of metal resulting in metal chips and friction resulting in waste heat that may need to be removed using coolant to prevent excessive temperatures that can affect both the cutting tool and the workpiece.

Usually a hard materials such as silicon carbide, alumina or silica is used as the abrasive compound.

Water jet cutting can work on nearly every material be it wood, stone, metals, carbon fiber reinforce polymer (CFRP) sheets, foam and ceramic tiles. 

All abrasive cutting methods will be expected to leave a heat affected zone (HAZ).

Water jet cutters use a high speed jet of pure water created by first pumping the water to very high pressure and then feeding it through a very small nozzle.

Cutting disc used on angle grinders and drop saws use a very hard and strong wearing matrix to bind the abrasive compound to form a disc.

To work harden the workpiece.

To obtain a smooth  surface texture.

To form the martensite phase that will  increase hardness.

Reduce the grain size to improve mechanical properties.