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DEV2022 - Human anatomy and development: Tissues and body systems S2 2025

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The blood-air barrier:

Image failed to load: lung

Consists of bronchial capillaries, basal laminas and type 1 alveolar cells

Occurs at the terminal bronchiolar epithelium

Consists of pulmonary vessels and type II alveolar epithelial cells

Consists of pulmonary capillary endothelium, fused basal laminas and type 1 alveolar cells

Occurs at the visceral pleura only, which is the deepest part of the conducting airway

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Intercostal Catheterisation: Applying Body Wall Anatomy Clinically

You’ve explored the anatomy of the thoracic wall in lectures and examined it through dissection specimens. Now, we’ll apply that knowledge in a clinical context by looking at intercostal catheterisation using the anterior approach. This procedure is commonly used to drain air (such as in a pneumothorax) from the pleural space. Understanding the body wall layers, their spatial arrangement, and surrounding structures is essential for performing this technique safely and effectively.

Image from AN@TOMEDIA ONLINE Eizenberg N, Briggs C, Barker P & Grkovic I: Access directly via: LINK HERE (go to Thorax; Dissection; for tips!)

Use Lecture 8 "Anatomy of Body Wall" as your guide

Image failed to load: thorax image for intercostal catheterisation

Instructions:

Using the image of the donor specimen with an intercostal catheter in situ,

label the anatomical layers that the catheter passes through in the anterior approach, from the skin to the lung tissue. Each correctly labelled structure is worth the mark indicated.

Structure to Label (from superficial to deep)	Marks
Skin	1 mark
Superficial fascia (subcutaneous tissue)	1 mark
Skeletal muscle (e.g. pectoralis major, intercostal muscles)	1 mark
Rib	1 mark
Parietal pleura	1 mark
Pleural cavity	1 mark
Visceral pleura	1 mark
Lung tissue	1 mark

Total: 8 marks

Upload your labelled image into the text input area below or attach file into dropbox below.

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Examine the image of the spinal cord below, and answer the following questions:

Image failed to load: sc

The spinal cord has distinctive regions. What part of a neuron, and what type of neuron would you find in the region indicated by label "A"?

What would you see in the region indicated by the label "C"?

What would you find in the region indicated by the label "D"?

The region labelled "B" contains what?

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What is the function of the corpus callosum?

Primary motor cortex responsible for voluntary movement

Integration & interpretation of information between both cerebellar hemispheres

Responsible for long-term memory storage

Transfer of information from either side of the cerebellar hemispheres

Integration & interpretation of information between both cerebral hemispheres

Balance, coordination & refining dynamic movements

Transfer of information from either side of the cerebral hemispheres

Transfer of information between the spinal cord & cerebrum

Higher order cognitive function & decision making

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Examine the image below of a view of the brain, and answer the following questions:

Image failed to load: brain sagittal view

What view of the brain is this?

What directional pole does the label "A" indicate?

What region of the brain is indicated by the label "B"?

What region of the brain is indicated by the label "D"?

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Which of the following is NOT a structural component of the blood-brain barrier?

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This is a sagittal section of a newborn mouse brain. Identify the structures marked A-E.

Image failed to load: cortex histology q

D

A

C

E

B

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Match the name of the layer of the meninges or peripheral nerve connective tissue with its function or property.

Layers of connective tissue that lie between the outermost and innermost meninges.

Connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle of axons and contains blood vessels.

Delicate connective tissue that lies around each Schwann cell.

Two layers of strong connective tissue, the outer of which is fused to the skull.

Consists of delicate layers of connective tissue that continue into the sulci of the central nervous system.

Outermost layer of connective tissue around a peripheral nerve.

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Choroid plexus is important for the brain. Use the image below and answer the following questions:

Image failed to load: choroid plexus

There is a layer of cells indicated by the label "A". What type of cells are these?

This cell sits between the ependymal and endothelial cells, similar to the blood-brain barrier where they also sit between astrocytes and endothelial cells

What is found in the region indicated by label "B"?

The tissue structure around label "C" responsible for CSF production is what?

What is found in the region indicated by the label "D"?

Cilia are present on the surface of what cells?

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Match the descriptions of the ventricular system with the correct answers from the options provided.

The lateral ventricles of the brain (also referred to as ventricles 1 & 2) are located within the

The 3rd ventricle is positioned between the

The cerebral aqueduct connects the

The 4th ventricle is located within the

The ventricular system connects with the sub-arachnoid space via lateral and median apertures opening into the

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