60

10

35

20

High intakes of short- and

medium-chain fatty acids raise high-density lipoprotein levels.

High intakes of fish oil

lower bleeding time and improve diabetes and wound healing.

Intake of saturated fat

raises blood cholesterol more than intake of cholesterol.

Trans

-fatty acids contained in

polyunsaturated fats but not in monounsaturated fats alter blood cholesterol

levels.

15 minutes

2 hours

30 minutes

1 hour

Hydrogenation converts trans-fatty acids to cis-fatty acids.

The hydrogen atoms are

located on the same side of a double bond.

In nature, most double

bonds are

In the body, trans

-fatty acids are metabolised more

like saturated fats than like unsaturated fats.

Butter

Tuna

Salad oil

Shortening

The recommendations are highest

proportionately for adult males.

The recommendations assume

that dietary protein is from animal sources only.

The recommendations are established

at 8 grams per kilogram of ideal body weight.

The recommendations are

generous.

Protein synthesis will be

limited.

Body cells will synthesise

it.

Proteins will be made, but

they will lack that particular amino acid.

Health will not be affected

as long as other nutrients are adequate.

Unessential

Rarely essential

Essential

Moderately essential

30g

35g

25g

45g

Starches

Food additives

Fibres

Sugar alcohols