a normal fault in a convergent plate boundary

A strike-slip fault in a convergent plate boundary

A strike-slip fault in a transform plate boundary

A normal fault in a transform plate boundary

A reverse fault in a transform plate boundary

A thrust fault

A reverse fault

A strike-slip fault

A horizontal fault

A dip-slip fault

A synform

An anticline

A synclinal antiform

An antiformal syncline

An antiform

A graben

An anticline

A syncline

A normal block

A horst

Two planes intersect along a line. Axial planar foliation and bedding define an intersection lineation that is perpendicular to the fold axis so we can use to determine how folds plunge

Two planes intersect along a line. Axial planar foliation and bedding define an intersection lineation that is down dip and can tell us if the fold is normal or reverse

Two planes intersect along a plane. Axial planar foliation and bedding define a surface that is parallel to axial surface

Two planes intersect along a line. Axial planar foliation and bedding define an intersection lineation that is parallel to the fold axis so we can use to determine how folds plunge

Given the vergence from S1 to S0 taken in the acute angle between the two planes, the structures indicate that bedding S0 would form an antiform to the right of the figure

Given the vergence from S1 to S0 taken in the acute angle between the two planes, the structures indicate that bedding S0 would form a synform to the right of the figure

Given the vergence from S0 to S1 taken in the acute angle between the two planes, the structures indicate that the axial planar foliation S1 would form an antiform to the right of the figure

Given the vergence from S0 to S1 taken in the acute angle between the two planes, the structures indicate that the axial planar foliation S1 would form a synform to the right of the figure

a listric fault has decreasing dip angle with depth forming curved faults, and a detachment fault is a low-angle fault into which many listric faults merge forming a single system

a listric fault has decreasing dip angle with depth forming curved faults, and a detachment fault is the opposite and increases in dip angle with depth

a listric fault has decreasing dip angle with depth forming curved faults, and a detachment fault is a strike-slip fault (same as dextral fault)

a listric fault has increasing dip angle with depth forming curved faults, and a detachment fault detaches the crust from the mantle

a listric fault has increasing dip angle with depth forming curved faults, and a detachment fault is the opposite and decreases in dip angle with depth

Compressional stress

Normal stresses

Shear stress

No stress, only strain

Tensional stress

The asthenosphere is the outer rigid part of the Earth, comprising the oceanic and continental crusts and the rigid upper part of the mantle. Lithosphere is the hot and viscous, flowing part of the mantle.

Lithosphere is the outer rigid part of the Earth, comprising continents only. The asthenosphere is the hot and viscous, flowing part of the mantle

Lithosphere is the outer rigid part of the Earth, comprising the oceanic and continental crusts. It excludes mantle rocks and is above the Moho

Lithosphere is the outer rigid part of the Earth, comprising the oceanic and continental crusts and the rigid upper part of the mantle. The asthenosphere is the hot and viscous, flowing part of the mantle