They possess low thermal capacity and good insulating properties, retaining or conducting little heat into the building.

They offer a cheaper alternative to modern materials, regardless of climatic performance.

They are readily available and contribute to the house's overall weight and stability.

They have high thermal capacity, which helps in storing heat for use during cooler periods.

It prioritises modern architectural trends over local conditions.

It embodies a deep knowledge of ecological balances and is efficiently designed to suit local climatic requirements using various ventilation and solar-control devices.

It is primarily designed for large-scale urban development rather than rural settings.

It is an autonomous housing process that imposes rigid standards on its users.

Palm oil companies alone are responsible for implementing sustainable practices, driven by market demand for certified products.

International non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are solely responsible for advocating for change and monitoring industry practices, as they are independent of economic pressures.

All stakeholders bear a shared responsibility: governments must integrate SDGs into national plans and set policies; the public and private sectors must finance major shifts; and individuals, whether in business, civil society, or as consumers, contribute through their choices in production, consumption, and advocacy, working collaboratively towards a more sustainable palm oil industry by 2030

The primary responsibility rests with the Malaysian government to set policies and regulations, as individual choices have negligible impact on a large industry.

The historical rapid growth of the palm oil sector, prioritizing immediate economic rewards (like quick profits from extensive land clearing) without sufficiently accounting for long-term harms such as ecosystem collapse, loss of endangered species, and increased flood risks for local communities, directly mirrors the definition of unsustainable development where short-term gains are overshadowed by longer-term costs to people or the planet.

Unsustainable development in palm oil primarily involves market price fluctuations and their impact on smallholders, which are short-term economic issues.

Unsustainable development in palm oil solely refers to the depletion of non-renewable resources, which is not applicable to an agricultural product.

Sustainable development only becomes relevant to the palm oil industry once all natural resources are completely used up, rather than during the expansion phase.

Social Development (improve the quality of life)

Peace, justice and strong institutions.

Conservation and management of the planet, environment and biodiversity.

Ensure economic progress.

Insufficient international political will.

A weak global economy.

Conflicts.

The climate crisis.

Pursuing immediate rewards while ensuring short-term gains outweigh long-term costs.

Meeting present needs without compromising the chances of future generations to meet their needs.

Rapidly increasing economic output to provide for present needs, even if it uses up natural resources.

Balancing economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection to ensure collective societal well-being.