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PHY3171 - Cardiovascular physiology and disease - S1 2026

PHY3171 - Cardiovascular physiology and disease - S1 2026

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What happens to cerebral blood flow during hyperventilation?

Decreases due to cerebral vasoconstriction

Increases due to cerebral vasodilation

Increases initially, then decreases

Remains unchanged due to autoregulation

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Cerebral autoregulation maintains constant blood flow within which range of mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

50-150 mmHg

40-60 mmHg

60-180 mmHg

90-160 mmHg

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What is the primary difference between ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes?

Ischemic strokes result from a lack of blood flow, while hemorrhagic strokes involve excessive bleeding in the brain

There is no significant difference between the two types of strokes

Ischemic strokes involve bleeding in the brain, while hemorrhagic strokes result from a blockage in a blood vessel

Hemorrhagic strokes involve blood vessel blockages, while ischemic strokes result from bleeding in the brain

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How does hyperventilation affect blood pH, and what impact does this have on cerebral blood vessels?

Decreases pH, leading to vasodilation

Increases pH, leading to vasoconstriction

Increases pH, leading to vasodilation

Decreases pH, leading to vasoconstriction

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What is the Circle of Willis?

A circle of capillaries in the spinal cord

A circle of veins in the cerebral cortex

A network of blood vessels at the base of the brain

A circle of arteries on the skin's surface

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What is the effect of hypocapnia (low blood CO2 level) on cerebral blood flow?

Decreases blood flow via vasoconstriction

No significant change

Causes transient hyperemia

Increases blood flow via vasodilation

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What role does the blood-brain barrier (BBB) play in cerebral circulation?

Enhances the transport of nutrients to neuron.

Prevents the passage of harmful substances from the blood into the brain

Facilitates the exchange of gases between the blood and the brain

Regulates blood pressure in the cerebral vessels

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Which of the following strategies is MOST effective in achieving blood pressure control in hypertensive patients?

Adhering to prescribed antihypertensive medications and lifestyle modifications.

Reducing physical activity levels.

Avoiding regular blood pressure monitoring.

Increasing dietary sodium intake.

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Which of the following characteristics best describes an ideal anti-hypertensive agent that targets kidney function?

It enhances sodium and water retention in the kidneys.

It shifts the pressure natriuresis relationship to the left

It shifts the pressure natriuresis relationship to the right

It increases the production of renin in the kidneys.

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In hypertensive patients, what is one of the primary benefits of reducing blood pressure by 5 mmHg?

It increases the risk of developing major cardiovascular events by 10%.

It has no significant impact on cardiovascular health.

It increases the risk of stroke and heart failure by 13%.

It reduces the risk of developing major cardiovascular events by approximately 10%.

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