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PHY3171 - Cardiovascular physiology and disease - S1 2026

PHY3171 - Cardiovascular physiology and disease - S1 2026

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Which of the following systolic/diastolic pressures (mmHg) would NOT be classified as hypertension?

128/90

140/85

135/85

160/80.

Complete the sentence.

Liddle's syndrome _______.

can be corrected by treatment with aldosterone

❌

is linked to high plasma renin levels

❌

is caused by increased tubular epithelial sodium channel activity

✅

is linked to hyperkalemia

❌

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How does increased angiotensin II shift the diuresis/natriuresis curve?

Angiotensin II has no effect on this relationship

❌

Can be right or left depending on co-existing conditions

Leftward

Rightward

Angiotensin does NOT cause which of the following?

Aldosterone secretion

❌

Vasoconstriction

❌

Decreased sympathetic nerve activity

✅

Vasodilation

❌

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Pheochromocytoma is characterised by _________.

over production of angiotensin II

❌

over production of aldosterone

❌

occurs in the zona fasciculata

❌

over production of adrenaline

✅

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During head-out water immersion one mechanism that increases the production of urine involves:

Increased renal sympathetic nerve activity leading to renin release.

❌

Water absorption through the skin.

❌

Atrial natriuretic peptide release from the heart.

✅

Decreased cardiac baroreceptor firing.

❌

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Which ONE of the following substances would directly cause tubular sodium reabsorption to increase?

Adrenaline

Aldosterone

Nitric oxide

Vasopressin

Skin nocireceptors signal an increase in sympathetic activity via _________.

dorsal horn of the spinal cord, the nucleus tractus solitarius and rostral ventrolateral medulla

✅

dorsal horn of the spinal cord, the nucleus tractus solitarius and nucleus ambiguous

❌

higher brain centres, the nucleus tractus solitarius and nucleus ambiguus

❌

carotid baroreceptors, the nucleus tractus solitarius and rostral ventrolateral medulla

❌

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In the carotid baroreceptor pathway what neurotransmitter is released from nerves projecting from the caudal ventrolateral medulla to the rostral ventrolateral medulla?

gamma aminobutyric acid

✅

Glutamate

❌

angiotensin II

❌

excitatory amino acids

❌

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Which of the following brainstem nuclei is the site at which arterial chemoreceptor afferent nerves first synapse within the central nervous system?

Caudal ventrolateral medulla.

❌