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X rays are produced by:
A 6 0mm thick flat steel plate has a mm thick protective layer on it made of metal “A”. The two layers are fused with no air gap between them. This specimen is hence composed of two layers of metals. An ultrasonic instrument is calibrated for a range of 0 to 100 mm using a shear wave probe which produces an angle of 45 degrees to the normal to the surface in steel. The probe is used to test the plate by placing it on protective layer and then moved to scan the plate. A crack is found in the plate and two signals are identified on the instrument screen from the top and bottom of the crack, at ranges of mm and 70 mm using the maximum amplitude technique. The probe has to be moved a distance of 12 mm between the maximized heights of these two signals. Velocity of shear waves in steel is 3230 m/s. Velocity of shear waves in metal “A” is 2700 m/s. Calculate the distance of the top and bottom of the crack from the specimen surface and also the angle of the crack with respect to the normal to the surface.
A specimen consists of two large metal plates “A” and “B”, which are joined together one on top of the other with no air gap between the plates. Each plate is 10mm thick. Assume plate “A” is on top. An ultrasonic instrument is correctly calibrated for 0 to 100 mm testing range for testing plate “A” using a 45º shear wave probe. This probe is placed on top of plate “A” and a signal is found to appear from a defect at 20 mm on the screen. This defect is in plate “B”. What is distance of this defect from the top of plate “A”?
The velocity of ultrasound in plate “A” is 3,000m/s
The velocity of ultrasound in plate “B” is 2,500m/s
Name the non-destructive testing techniques which can detect surface defects but cannot detect subsurface defects (i.e. defects which 10mm or more below the testing surface).
In almost all cases, eddy current inspection procedures require the equipment to be calibrated to:
When testing for surface flaws using eddy current testing, the probe drive frequency used:
Eddy current testing can be used to:
Which of the following are a common eddy current reference standard?