(own time) Understanding positive feedbacks help explain how cause and effect happen, and underlies a holistic understanding of Earth's systems.

Which of the following is a positive feedback on Amazon forest dieback that is evident in observations of Amazon change over the recent past?

 (own time) Considering the impact of humans on climate behaviour is important context for any future changes we make.

How long have we delayed at a minimum the next glacial period due to our current carbon dioxide emissions? answer in years

(own time) Understanding how events in deep time relate to tipping points is important for understanding past and potential future changes to the climate and Earth's surface environments.

True or False: the KPg boundary was a tipping point.

(prac) Confidence in attributing causation is important as it underpins scientific understanding of tipping points, especially in developing fields of research.

How strong is our confidence on the feedback between ENSO and AMOC?

(workshop) Terminology definitions related to fieldwork are important for communicating between scientists and to members of the public. Here is a vegetation example related to the fieldtrip.

What floristic group do you find in an Australian woodland?

What soils should you be looking out for on this trip? What would distinguish them from each other?

Which sphere will we definitely not encounter on the field trip?

(own time) Defining temperature constraints on conditions helps us identify ranges for stable conditions on Earth and potential climate targets.

What temperature is the tipping point for Earth to become snowball Earth? (answer in degrees Celsius)

(own time) Understanding the occurrence of significant changes to Earth's surface environments helps explain past and potential future variation on Earth.

How many times has snowball Earth occurred? 

Mount Pinatubo is a stratovolcano. What type of tectonic environment and eruption style(s) are these volcanoes associated with?