3.2 Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. Cloud computing has transformed how organizations deploy and manage IT resources, moving from traditional on-premises infrastructure to more flexible, scalable, and often cost-effective cloud-based solutions. Provide a detailed explanation of the different deployment models, including their characteristics, advantages, and limitations. Additionally, illustrate how each model can be applied in various business scenarios, highlighting the factors that influence their selection and implementation.(20)

3.3 List and explain 3 components of the cloud infrastructure(10)

3.1 You are an IT consultant tasked with advising a small business on setting up their network infrastructure. The business operates in a single office space with approximately 50 employees. They require a reliable and efficient network to facilitate communication, data sharing, and internet access for all employees. The business also plans to expand soon, so scalability is an important consideration. Based on the provided scenario, analyse the network topology options available to the small business and recommend the most suitable topology. Justify your recommendation, considering factors such as scalability, reliability, cost-effectiveness, and ease of management. Additionally, discuss any potential drawbacks or limitations of your chosen topology and propose strategies to mitigate them(20)

2.3 The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system without regard to its underlying internal structure and technology. It consists of seven layers, each responsible for aspects of data communication. Explain the purpose of the OSI model and describe the function of each layer (15)

2.1 Network topology refers to the arrangement of various elements such as links, nodes, devices, etc. of a network. It may be depicted physically or logically. Various network administrators differ in opinions regarding the type of topology best suited for an organization. Critically discuss any three types of topologies and how they are connected to each other. Also, include two advantages and two disadvantages of each of the topology discussed.(15)

1.3 Analyze the technical characteristics of LANs, MANs, and WANs, focusing on aspects like bandwidth, latency, security considerations, and the underlying transmission technologies employed.(10)

1.2 Describe the role of virtualization in cloud environments, including how it enables resource efficiency and scalability.(5)

1.1 What is network topology and why is it important in Networking(5)