Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. (7 marks)

YOU WILL NOT MISS ANYTHING

We all know how crucial it is to get a good sleep every night. You aren’t able to do your best and keep up with all of your responsibilities (1) you sleep well. I’m sure you already know that you should go to bed at a reasonable hour. Most experts agree that the optimum number of hours is eight, and this has been accepted (2) common sense for as long as I can remember. (3) , I was young once and I know that most of you get much less sleep than that – and in some cases it will be affecting your schoolwork.

I read an interesting article in a teachers’ magazine recently. A study of 848 students in Wales (4) done. Worryingly, the results showed that teenagers are facing a new problem. They may go to bed and get up at appropriate time but a growing number are waking up in the middle of the night, not to use the bathroom or have a snack but because of a new phenomenon: FOMO.

Students are said to tend to wake up during the night to check social media. Afraid of missing a comment or opportunity to take part chat, teenagers are waking (5) all times of the night, going online and getting involved. All this when they are supposed to be sound asleep.

If (6) students were more responsible when it comes to social media, they wouldn’t suffer from depression and anxiety so much. Be brave! Switch off your devices at night. The world won’t end and your social media will be waiting to greet you in the morning! I give you my word that you won't miss anything important and after some time you’ll (7) used to sleeping longer at night.

Read the text below and decide which option best fits each space. (7 marks)

THE FLAVOURS OF CONNECTION

Food is more than just nourishment—it plays a vital role in social connections. The right (1)

When dining out, people often consider the size of the (3)

For those with dietary restrictions, eating out requires extra caution. Someone who is (5)

For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence with 2-5 words, using the word given, so that it has a similar meaning to the first one. Do not change the word given. (6 marks)

1. I think you use too much salt in your cooking, it’s not healthy for you.

ONLY

use less salt in your cooking… It’s not healthy for you.

2. When she was at university, she worked as a waitress at a local restaurant.

TO

She as a waitress at a local restaurant when she was at university.

3. You should work harder if you want to pass all your academic exams.

RECOMMEND

I would if you want to pass all your academic exams.

4. My best friend wanted me to help him to sell his flat after he divorced but I refused and now I regret it.

WISH

I my best friend to help him to sell his flat after he divorced.

5. My old Aunt Helen prepared a delicious dessert for my birthday.

BAKED

A delicious birthday cake my old aunt Helen before I came home.

6. The reason why she didn’t come to the party is that she is extremely introverted.

IF

She’d have come to the party so introverted.

1 The man says that their family

2 The man believes that

3 The girl is

4 According to the girl,

5 The man says that

6 The man agrees with the girl that

7 What does the girl suggest they do this week?

8 What does the man ask the girl to do?

9 What information does the girl try to find out on her phone?

10 The father and his daughter decided to

You are going to read an article about a certain type of cooking. For questions 1-10, choose from the paragraphs A-E. (10 marks)

ZERO-WASTE VEGETARIAN COOKING

Samuel Muston discovers why we should think twice before we throw away those peelings

A. Watch a few cookery shows on TV and you’ll see that nearly all of the chefs waste food. Not consciously, but still, they do it. When they slice off that bit of fat or throw away those peelings, they are wasting things we probably would have eaten in the past. And the reason we don’t notice it is because that’s the way we all cook – they simply cook like us, and indeed, we cook like them. That’s what the 26-year-old chef Shane Jordan is telling me over a plate of vegan curry at Arc Café, where he works. ‘TV chefs are all chop, chop, chop, put this to the side, throw away this,’ says Jordan. ‘I used to watch and think “I could make a dish out of what you are throwing away alone.” So that’s what he started doing.

B. At Arc he has created a series of dishes that are zero waste, or very nearly. So, if he uses one part of a vegetable or fruit, he’ll use the rest of it elsewhere, as long as it isn’t harmful to health. In fact, his curry is banana-skins curry, the skins filling in for what would normally be meat. ‘I make a lot of banana fritters with the flesh, so I’m left with all these skins,’ he says. ‘And I thought, “what can I do with them?” Then I found an Asian recipe which tells you how to make them edible and I built the dish around that.’

C. Jordan’s cooking is inventive, but it also has a backwards-looking feel to it – and that may not be a bad thing, Tom Tanner of the Sustainable Restaurant Association says. ‘We have become used to fast, quick, disposable food. A return to the culinary values and good housekeeping of our grandparents may help reduce the vast quantity of food we all chuck away.’ Certainly the figures on waste are a cause of concern. A recent study into home eating concluded that we waste one-fifth of all the food we buy. It is against this that Jordan is fighting. ‘I believe in spreading what knowledge I have of my type of low-waste cooking. I don’t want to lecture people,’ Jordan says. ‘But I do want to try and show people there’s another way.’

D. To help do this he has created a programme of school visits. In these, he’ll teach kids how to cut vegetables and fruit (tight to the flesh) and think about food as something that isn’t infinitely available from the fridge – and infinitely disposable. He is also targeting slightly older cooks. ‘In the next few months, we also plan to set up a webcam to livestream what we do in the kitchen so people can learn exactly what you can and can’t eat,’ Jordan says. Using peelings from fruit to add flavour to cakes and jams, for example, seems very sensible. The ends of broccoli stalks and leeks, often overlooked, are also great for throwing in stir-frys.

E. This type of creative thinking might just be what we need, according to Tanner. ‘We have to face up to the fact we have a waste problem,’ he says. ‘It costs us money, and it’s bad for the environment – and to change it, we need to change our attitude toward the food we eat.’ At a time when we are having to tighten our belts, we could all do with cutting down on the throwaway – and Jordan may just be one of the men to help us.

Which paragraph mentions:

Five sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences (A-F) the ones which fit in each gap (1-5). There is one extra sentence you don’t need to use. (10 marks)

LOGGED OFF: MEET THOSE WHO REFUSE TO USE SOCIAL MEDIA

It is widely believed that young people are hopelessly devoted to social media. Teenagers, according to this stereotype, tweet, gram, Snap and scroll. But for every young person hunched over a screen, there are others for whom social media is no longer that attractive. (1)

“You start doing things that are dishonest,” says Amanda, who quit social media aged 18. (4)

A When it comes to Gen Z’s relationship to social media, “significant cracks are beginning to show”, says the firm’s representative Lesley Bielby.

B Quitting social media is a determined move: apps including Facebook and Instagram are designed to be addictive.

C Among the 45-plus age group, the proportion who value social media has increased from 20% to 28%.

D These teens are turning their backs on the technology – and there are more of them than you might think.

E “I was presenting this dishonest version of myself, on Instagram, a platform where most people were presenting dishonest versions of themselves.”

F For Tyreke Morgan, 18, from Bristol, being a hard man to get hold of – he has no social media presence at all – has its advantages.