Multiple inheritance.

Composition over inheritance.

Reflection.

Static utility methods.

It violates encapsulation.

It may require creating many builder classes for complex hierarchies.

It makes code harder to maintain.

It prevents class extension.

Supporting immutability.

Returning partially constructed objects before build() is called.

Providing a fluent interface.

Separating product construction from its representation.

Factory Method vs Singleton.

Builder vs Factory Method.

Adapter vs Bridge.

Adapter vs Observer.

A blueprint for building a car.

A factory producing multiple products.

A translator separating abstraction from implementation.

Power plug adapter between US and EU sockets.

A class that encapsulates algorithms.

A method that defers instantiation to subclasses.

A class that contains only static methods to instantiate objects.

A single instance shared globally.

Decorator chaining.

Fluent interface combined with Builder.

Abstract Factory with chaining.

Singleton.

Abstract Factory.

Builder.

Adapter.

Factory Method.