Execution time = Cycle count of the programme x Clock cycle time

Execution time = Instruction count of the programme x Cycles per Instruction x Clock cycle time

Execution time = Instruction count of the programme x Cycles per Instruction x Clock rate

Execution time = Cycle count of the programme / Frequency

number of instructions x average cycles per instruction.

a performance measure of a CPU.

same as the instruction count.

number of instructions x cycle time.

Memory read/write instruction

Data movement instructions

Arithmetic and Logic instruction

Sequencing instruction

09

02

06

05

No of frequent operations in a programme (in millions) / Execution time x Clock rate

No of flag operations in a programme / (Frequency x )

No of floating point operations in a programme / (CPI x )

No of floating point operations in a programme / (Execution time x )

0.33

3.0

3 / Instruction count of the benchmark programme

Instruction count of the benchmark programme / 3

0.125 x

80.00

0.125

80.00 x

This was due to the practical power limit for cooling commodity microprocessors.

There was a limitation to increase the clock rate further for desktop processors.

Multiple cores can very much reduce the execution time and increase the throughput.

Multiple cores can increase the throughput but not much of the response time.