0 to 512

1 to 512

0 to 511

Range can vary based on the memory type

number of instructions x average cycles per instruction.

a performance measure of a CPU.

same as the instruction count.

number of instructions x cycle time.

Memory read/write instruction

Data movement instructions

Arithmetic and Logic instruction

Sequencing instruction

0.33

3.0

3 / Instruction count of the benchmark programme

Instruction count of the benchmark programme / 3

09

02

06

05

0.125 x

80.00

0.125

80.00 x

No of frequent operations in a programme (in millions) / Execution time x Clock rate

No of flag operations in a programme / (Frequency x )

No of floating point operations in a programme / (CPI x )

No of floating point operations in a programme / (Execution time x )

This was due to the practical power limit for cooling commodity microprocessors.

There was a limitation to increase the clock rate further for desktop processors.

Multiple cores can very much reduce the execution time and increase the throughput.

Multiple cores can increase the throughput but not much of the response time.