It refers to the total number of individuals in an ecosystem

It indicates the number of different species in a community

It measures the genetic variation within a species

It assesses the health of an ecosystem

Ecosystem, Species, Genetic

Species, Habitat, Genetic

Population, Community, Ecosystem

Ecosystem, Population, Community

Animal migration patterns

Seasonal changes

Human population growth and resource exploitation

Natural selection

Habitat loss

Invasive species

Pollution

Overexploitation

Habitat gain

Habitat loss

Increased rainfall

Genetic mutation

Thyroxine (T4) secreted by the thyroid gland.

Insulin secreted by the pancreas.

Human growth hormone (hGH) secreted by the anterior pituitary.

Cortisol secreted by the adrenal cortex.

They synthesize neurotransmitters exclusively.

They create synaptic clefts between neurones.

They transmit nerve impulses across long distances.

They protect neurones, remove waste, and form a supportive framework.

Nervous system effects are immediate and short-lived, whereas endocrine effects last from minutes to days

Both systems lead to effects that last only a few milliseconds

Endocrine system effects vanish as quickly as those from the nervous system

Nervous system effects are prolonged while endocrine effects are transient

The posterior pituitary controls metabolism; the anterior pituitary is involved in stress responses.

The anterior pituitary releases hormones directly into the blood, while the posterior pituitary sends hormones via nerve fibers.

The anterior pituitary produces multiple hormones that stimulate various target glands; the posterior pituitary stores and releases hormones produced in the hypothalamus.

Both pituitary sections produce the same hormones but operate at different times of day.

It prevents the depolarization of the neurone.

It opens ion channels allowing an influx of positive ions such as sodium, leading to depolarization.

It directly transmits the impulse to the next neurone without further ion changes.

It causes the vesicles to release more neurotransmitter.