Strategic implementation is involved with making detailed decisions regarding two key aspects of strategy relating to resources and change.

Because they often sustain a company by extending or expanding its product line or manufacturing skills, incremental innovations can be a source of competitive advantage by providing new capabilities that minimize expenses or speed productivity.

Radical innovations produce fundamental changes by evoking major departures from existing practices usually because of technological change.

__________ refers to efforts to create product designs and applications of technology to develop new products for end users.

_______ is typically associated with improving the efficiency of an organizational process, especially manufacturing systems and operations.

________ are those that overturn markets by providing an altogether new approach to meeting new customer needs.

seek to guide employee behavior by defining expected results but leave the means to those results open to individual employee, groups, or SBUs.

seek to define and direct employee behavior through a set of explicit, codified rules and standard operating procedures.

One disadvantage of matrix structure is that two layers of organizational structure create multiple principal-agent relationships.

_______ are flat hierarchies operated in a decentralized fashion used by small firms with low organizational complexity.