For climb performance calculations, which altitude is used as a reference to calculate the average TAS through the climb? The altitude that is..

The headquarters (HQ) of an airline is located at Schiphol, Netherlands (52°19'N, 004° 46'E, UTC+2 hours). One of its aircraft departs from Quito, Ecuador (00°08'S, 078°21'W, UTC-5 hours) at 22:30 ST on the 26th August local date and flies to Nairobi, Kenya (01° 19'S, 036°56'E, UTC + 3 hours). The flight time is 11 hours 14 minutes. What is the Standard Time (ST) and local date at the airline HQ when the aircraft arrives at its destination?

Some states implement daylight saving time (sometimes referred to as summer time) by advancing the clocks 1 hour in spring. Which of the following options is an effect of this?

Determine the True Track (TT) and Groundspeed (GS), given:

 True HDG: 024°

 TAS: 198 kt 

 W/V: 088°(T)/14 kt

Calculate the Mach number, given the following: 

 TAS: 455 kt

 OAT: -40°C

Distance from A to B is 120 NM. After half way down the route, the aircraft is 3 NM to the left of course. The heading alteration that should be made in order to fly directly to point B is:

Given: 

 Hdg 230°T

 GS 340 kt 

 W/V 270°/ 40 kt 

 Calculate the Track and TAS.

Given the following information, calculate the average TAS during the descent:

Cruising altitude: FL130

Target level: FL60

Average CAS during descent: 130 kt

Temperature Conditions: ISA

A Lambert conformal conic chart has a constant of the cone of 0.80. A straight line track is drawn from A 53°N, 004°W