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Carroll (1959) describes aptitude as a stable factor, which can not be trained; it is separate from motivation, achievement and intelligence. It is an ability that allows to learn a L2 faster

and with less effort. He identified four factors in language aptitude: coding ability, grammatical sensitivity, inductive language learning ability and rote learning ability

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Classification of left-/right-brain dominance. 

Brown (1994) presents a table listing left and rightbrain characteristics by Torrance (1980). 

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Learning style is also called cognitive style. It is the particular way in which a learner tries to learn something. In L2 or foreign language learning, different learner may prefer different solution to learning problems. 

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The concept of is closely related to the notion of self- esteem.

True or False

Motivation can be defined as sets of beliefs about factors as thetarget language culture, their own culture and, in case of classroom learning, of their teachers, and the learning task they are given.

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Critical period hypothesis by proposes that in child development there is a period during which language can be acquired more easily than that at any other time

True or False

Each age brings some advantages and disadvantages to the learning process and the decision when to start learning a foreign language depends on the situation of the individual learner

True or False

The route of SLA is influenced by the starting age, there is a relationship between the rate of learning and the age of the learners

True or False

Gardner (1979) links an integrative motivation to 'substractive bilingualism' which means that learners add a second language to their skills with no harm to their mother tongue

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There are many general factors that influence second language learning such as age, aptitude, intelligence, cognitive style, attitudes, motivation and