water

glucose

saturated fatty acids

polyunsaturated fatty acids

Change in the number of chromosomes

Change in chromosome structure

Changes in the DNA structure in the chromosomes of germ cells

Changes in the DNA structure in the chromosomes of somatic cells

Cyclical course of the disease, in which each new cycle differs from the previous one by a progressive increase in the severity of disorders in the body

Transformation of the initially occurring damage into the cause of further disorders, which are amplified by a positive feedback mechanism

Transition of a primary acute pathology into a chronic form with periods of exacerbation and remission

acromegaly

adrenal insufficiency

gigantism

pituitary dwarfism

Hypersalivation

Bradycardia

Constriction of the pupil

Tachycardia

Toxic effect of ammonia, increased GABAergic transmission

Substrate hypoxia of neurons, hypoosmia of extracellular fluid

Hemoconcentration, hyperosmia of extracellular fluid

Impaired microcirculation, oxygen starvation of neurons

0.4-0.55

0.36-0.48

0.30-0.45

0.45-0.65

erythrocytosis

lymphocytosis

hiatus leucaemicus

eosinophilia, basophilia

B₁₂ deficiency anemia

acute posthemorrhagic anemia

iron deficiency anemia

aplastic anemia