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Epinephrine

Histamine

Parasympathetic nervous system

When does flail chest usually occur?

The visceral pleura is torn by a fractured rib.

Several ribs are fractured at two sites.

Increasing fluid in the pleural cavity causes atelectasis.

An open puncture wound involves the pleural membranes.

Which of the following applies to the blood in the pulmonary artery?

It is flowing into the left atrium

Hydrostatic pressure is very high

PO2 is low

PCO2 is low

Which of the following is typical of progressive emphysema?

Residual lung volume increases.

Forced expiratory volume increases.

Vital capacity increases.

Tidal volume increases.

The secretion of adrenaline in the adrenal medulla is directly stimulated by

Acetylcholine

Aldosterone

Norepinephrine

Vasopressin

The chronic respiratory failure is characterized by the following changes in the hemogram

Anemia

Erythrocytosis

Leukopenia

Leukocytosis

The basic pathophysiology of myocardial infarction is best described as:

irregular heart rate and force, reducing blood supply to coronary arteries.

total obstruction of a coronary artery, which causes myocardial necrosis.

cardiac output that is insufficient to meet the needs of the heart and body.

temporary vasospasm that occurs in a coronary artery

Hypotension refers to a decrease in blood pressure below the level

90/50 mm Hg .

80/40 mm Hg .

110/70 mm Hg .

95/60 mm Hg .

The following class of lipoproteins carriers cholesterol from cells to the liver

HDL

Chylomicrons

LDL

VLDL

Why does ventricular fibrillation result in cardiac arrest?

Parasympathetic stimulation depresses the SA node.

The ventricles contract before the atria.

Delayed conduction through the AV node blocks ventricular stimulation.

Insufficient blood is supplied to the myocardium.