Court of Assizes

Labour Tribunal

Police Tribunal

Correctional Tribunal

Departmental Criminal Court

Non-emancipated minors are legally incapable and must be represented by their parents or a guardian

All adults are legally capable without exception

Adults under curatorship retain some autonomy but must be assisted for certain important acts

Adults under guardianship are treated like minors and must be represented for all civil acts

Adults can never be legally incapable

Misdemeanors

Administrative offenses

Civil faults

Contraventions

Crimes

Any person is presumed innocent until their guilt has been legally established

Any person accused of an offense is considered guilty until they prove their innocence

The presumption of innocence principle does not exist in French law

The burden of proof rests on the prosecution, not the accused

The accused must always prove they did not commit the offense

Usus

Mortgage

Fructus

Easement

Abusus

The penal element

The administrative element

The material element

The moral element

The legal element