decrescendo

pianissimo

fortissimo 

crescendo

Melody

Dynamics

Rhythm

Texture

The layers of music and how they interact

Several independent melodies sounding simultaneously and creating a harmony.

The sounds of instruments and voices.

One main melody and an accompanying harmony.

Loud

Quiet

Medium quiet

Moderato

Tempo

Dynamics

Rhythms

Texture

accelerando, ritardando, slow

Polyphony, monophony, heterophony

forte, decrescendo, mezzo-forte

high, low, middle

The length of musical sounds and silences.

The structure of music.

The speed of the beat.

The volume of music.

From air vibrations.

By vibrations produced by the instrument itself.

From vibration powered by electronic circuits.

From the vibrations of strings.