_____ is a fallacy that affects inductive generalization. The fallacy occurs when there is a reasonable likelihood that the sample [that is to be used as evidence] is not representative of the group. Such likelihood may arise if the same is either too small or not randomly selected.

e.g. "The mass shooting in a Colorado movie theatre was carried out by a young, while male. The school shootings in Roseburg, Santabarara, and Newton were all carried out by young white males. The evidence is clear. Young, white males are a serious threat to public safety."

The following is an example of the fallacy of ____.

A line is composed of points. Points have no length. Therefore, a line has no length.

In the straw man fallacy, an arguer often distorts another person’s argument by making it look more extreme than it really is.

A _____ is a defect in an argument that arises from either a mistake in reasoning or the creation of an illusion that tries to make a bad argument appear good.

The following can be described as committing ___:

George said that he was interviewing for a job drilling oil wells in the supervisor’s office. We can only conclude that the supervisor must have an awfully

dirty office.

It is always wrong to appeal to authority.

The following can be best seen as committing _____:

No one should buy clothing at a department store without first trying it on.

Accordingly, no one should buy food at a grocery store without first tasting it.

The fallacy of _____ occurs when the link between premises and conclusion depends on some imagine causal connection that probably does not exist.

e.g. "Successful business executives are paid salaries in excess of $100,000. Therefore, the best way to ensure that Ferguson will become a successful executive is to raise his salary to at least $100,000."