Traces from the crime scene … be carried away on the person or left at the crime scene by the criminal.

In this country you … have an identity card.

In such a case the banking system is unable _____ the client.

The Council of Europe was (1) ______in 1949 with 10 founding members, with almost 50 member states so far. The (2) _____ has its headquarters in Strasbourg, France. The Council activity is aimed at achieving European unity and facilitate economic and social development. It is concerned with issues such as human (3) _____, education and cultural projects, public health, protection of the environment, etc. (4) _____ participation in the Council of Europe is evidence of devotion to its European choice and to the commonly recognized principles of pluralistic democracy, the rule of law, and commitment to basic human rights and (5) _____. Ukraine is taking an active (6) _____ in helping the Council of Europe address social problems, in particular, in (7) _____ of the rights of national minorities, combatting xenophobia and racial intolerance, environmental protection, the maintenance of biological ethics, as (8) _____ as controlling AIDS and drug abuse. Ukraine is a (9) _____ of a series of conventions by the Council of Europe, in particular, the European Cultural Convention, European Framework Convention on Cross-Border Cooperation among territorial communities or authorities, European Convention on Information about Foreign Legislation, six crime control conventions, and Framework Convention on (10) _____ National Minorities

Read the text. For statements (1–5) choose “True” if the statement is true according to the text, “False” if the statement is false:

A contract is an agreement between two or more parties, which is enforceable in law. A valid business contract, for instance, must involve an offer to supply goods or services, consideration (the price to be paid) and acceptance by the purchaser. The offer may be revoked at any time before acceptance but this must be communicated to the purchaser. Acceptance of an offer must mean agreement entirely with the terms of the offer.

The terms may be expressed or implied. It is the terms of the contract which determine the extent of each party’s rights and duties and the remedies available if the terms are broken are determined by the comparative importance of the terms.

If an uncertain term is actually meaningless, then exceptionally the court may be prepared to sever the provisions if it is clearly superfluous. There is a general rule, ‘the parole evidence rule’, that where a contract is embodied in a written document, then extrinsic evidence is not admissible to add to, vary, subtract from or contradict the terms of the written document. In addition, the object of the contract must not be illegal; it is against the law for two people to make a deal between themselves if this involves committing a criminal offence.

It can happen that in an apparently valid contract, consent to the agreement does not express the true intention of the consenting party, and he or she may therefore not be bound by it. This may arise from mistake, misrepresentation, fraud, duress or undue influence.

There are few rules about the form of contracts, although some contracts have to be written – for example, the sale of land or a house. The seller and purchaser exchange a written contract and, once the exchange takes place, the seller is obliged to sell to the purchaser and vice versa.

An increasing amount of statute law is designed to protect consumers. Legislation, for example, covers the sale and supply of goods and services and the way that goods and services are described. It also regulates the marking and accuracy of quantities.

An example of a contract is the purchase of goods in a shop. The purchaser can sue the seller in the civil courts usually for damages. Conversely, if the ownership of the goods passes to the purchaser and they are not paid for, the seller can sue for the price of the goods. Similarly, an employer is bound to pay an employee for work done; if he or she fails to do so, a breach of contract action can take place.

Statement: The offer may be discharged at any time before acceptance.

Read the text. For statements (1–5) choose “True” if the statement is true according to the text, “False” if the statement is false:

A contract is an agreement between two or more parties, which is enforceable in law. A valid business contract, for instance, must involve an offer to supply goods or services, consideration (the price to be paid) and acceptance by the purchaser. The offer may be revoked at any time before acceptance but this must be communicated to the purchaser. Acceptance of an offer must mean agreement entirely with the terms of the offer.

The terms may be expressed or implied. It is the terms of the contract which determine the extent of each party’s rights and duties and the remedies available if the terms are broken are determined by the comparative importance of the terms.

If an uncertain term is actually meaningless, then exceptionally the court may be prepared to sever the provisions if it is clearly superfluous. There is a general rule, ‘the parole evidence rule’, that where a contract is embodied in a written document, then extrinsic evidence is not admissible to add to, vary, subtract from or contradict the terms of the written document. In addition, the object of the contract must not be illegal; it is against the law for two people to make a deal between themselves if this involves committing a criminal offence.

It can happen that in an apparently valid contract, consent to the agreement does not express the true intention of the consenting party, and he or she may therefore not be bound by it. This may arise from mistake, misrepresentation, fraud, duress or undue influence.

There are few rules about the form of contracts, although some contracts have to be written – for example, the sale of land or a house. The seller and purchaser exchange a written contract and, once the exchange takes place, the seller is obliged to sell to the purchaser and vice versa.

An increasing amount of statute law is designed to protect consumers. Legislation, for example, covers the sale and supply of goods and services and the way that goods and services are described. It also regulates the marking and accuracy of quantities.

An example of a contract is the purchase of goods in a shop. The purchaser can sue the seller in the civil courts usually for damages. Conversely, if the ownership of the goods passes to the purchaser and they are not paid for, the seller can sue for the price of the goods. Similarly, an employer is bound to pay an employee for work done; if he or she fails to do so, a breach of contract action can take place.

Statement: Usually the salesman is persecuted for damages by the civil court

Read the text. For statements (1–5) choose “True” if the statement is true according to the text, “False” if the statement is false:

A contract is an agreement between two or more parties, which is enforceable in law. A valid business contract, for instance, must involve an offer to supply goods or services, consideration (the price to be paid) and acceptance by the purchaser. The offer may be revoked at any time before acceptance but this must be communicated to the purchaser. Acceptance of an offer must mean agreement entirely with the terms of the offer.

The terms may be expressed or implied. It is the terms of the contract which determine the extent of each party’s rights and duties and the remedies available if the terms are broken are determined by the comparative importance of the terms.

If an uncertain term is actually meaningless, then exceptionally the court may be prepared to sever the provisions if it is clearly superfluous. There is a general rule, ‘the parole evidence rule’, that where a contract is embodied in a written document, then extrinsic evidence is not admissible to add to, vary, subtract from or contradict the terms of the written document. In addition, the object of the contract must not be illegal; it is against the law for two people to make a deal between themselves if this involves committing a criminal offence.

It can happen that in an apparently valid contract, consent to the agreement does not express the true intention of the consenting party, and he or she may therefore not be bound by it. This may arise from mistake, misrepresentation, fraud, duress or undue influence.

There are few rules about the form of contracts, although some contracts have to be written – for example, the sale of land or a house. The seller and purchaser exchange a written contract and, once the exchange takes place, the seller is obliged to sell to the purchaser and vice versa.

An increasing amount of statute law is designed to protect consumers. Legislation, for example, covers the sale and supply of goods and services and the way that goods and services are described. It also regulates the marking and accuracy of quantities.

An example of a contract is the purchase of goods in a shop. The purchaser can sue the seller in the civil courts usually for damages. Conversely, if the ownership of the goods passes to the purchaser and they are not paid for, the seller can sue for the price of the goods. Similarly, an employer is bound to pay an employee for work done; if he or she fails to do so, a breach of contract action can take place.

Statement: The buyer can not implead the seller in the civil courts.

Read the text. For statements (1–5) choose “True” if the statement is true according to the text, “False” if the statement is false:

A contract is an agreement between two or more parties, which is enforceable in law. A valid business contract, for instance, must involve an offer to supply goods or services, consideration (the price to be paid) and acceptance by the purchaser. The offer may be revoked at any time before acceptance but this must be communicated to the purchaser. Acceptance of an offer must mean agreement entirely with the terms of the offer.

The terms may be expressed or implied. It is the terms of the contract which determine the extent of each party’s rights and duties and the remedies available if the terms are broken are determined by the comparative importance of the terms.

If an uncertain term is actually meaningless, then exceptionally the court may be prepared to sever the provisions if it is clearly superfluous. There is a general rule, ‘the parole evidence rule’, that where a contract is embodied in a written document, then extrinsic evidence is not admissible to add to, vary, subtract from or contradict the terms of the written document. In addition, the object of the contract must not be illegal; it is against the law for two people to make a deal between themselves if this involves committing a criminal offence.

It can happen that in an apparently valid contract, consent to the agreement does not express the true intention of the consenting party, and he or she may therefore not be bound by it. This may arise from mistake, misrepresentation, fraud, duress or undue influence.

There are few rules about the form of contracts, although some contracts have to be written – for example, the sale of land or a house. The seller and purchaser exchange a written contract and, once the exchange takes place, the seller is obliged to sell to the purchaser and vice versa.

An increasing amount of statute law is designed to protect consumers. Legislation, for example, covers the sale and supply of goods and services and the way that goods and services are described. It also regulates the marking and accuracy of quantities.

An example of a contract is the purchase of goods in a shop. The purchaser can sue the seller in the civil courts usually for damages. Conversely, if the ownership of the goods passes to the purchaser and they are not paid for, the seller can sue for the price of the goods. Similarly, an employer is bound to pay an employee for work done; if he or she fails to do so, a breach of contract action can take place.

Statement: Sometimes valid contract expresses the true intention of the party.

Read the text. For statements (1–5) choose “True” if the statement is true according to the text, “False” if the statement is false:

A contract is an agreement between two or more parties, which is enforceable in law. A valid business contract, for instance, must involve an offer to supply goods or services, consideration (the price to be paid) and acceptance by the purchaser. The offer may be revoked at any time before acceptance but this must be communicated to the purchaser. Acceptance of an offer must mean agreement entirely with the terms of the offer.

The terms may be expressed or implied. It is the terms of the contract which determine the extent of each party’s rights and duties and the remedies available if the terms are broken are determined by the comparative importance of the terms.

If an uncertain term is actually meaningless, then exceptionally the court may be prepared to sever the provisions if it is clearly superfluous. There is a general rule, ‘the parole evidence rule’, that where a contract is embodied in a written document, then extrinsic evidence is not admissible to add to, vary, subtract from or contradict the terms of the written document. In addition, the object of the contract must not be illegal; it is against the law for two people to make a deal between themselves if this involves committing a criminal offence.

It can happen that in an apparently valid contract, consent to the agreement does not express the true intention of the consenting party, and he or she may therefore not be bound by it. This may arise from mistake, misrepresentation, fraud, duress or undue influence.

There are few rules about the form of contracts, although some contracts have to be written – for example, the sale of land or a house. The seller and purchaser exchange a written contract and, once the exchange takes place, the seller is obliged to sell to the purchaser and vice versa.

An increasing amount of statute law is designed to protect consumers. Legislation, for example, covers the sale and supply of goods and services and the way that goods and services are described. It also regulates the marking and accuracy of quantities.

An example of a contract is the purchase of goods in a shop. The purchaser can sue the seller in the civil courts usually for damages. Conversely, if the ownership of the goods passes to the purchaser and they are not paid for, the seller can sue for the price of the goods. Similarly, an employer is bound to pay an employee for work done; if he or she fails to do so, a breach of contract action can take place.

Statement: A contract is an arrangement only between two or four parties.

Somalia was the first big failure for UN intervention in 1992. In Srebrenica in 1994, a Dutch force under UN command failed to prevent a massacre of the local population, and in Rwanda in the same year there was full-scale genocide of nearly a million people, despite a peacekeeping force of 5,000.

Four UN missions to Angola failed to stop civil war breaking out again and again. It seems only if there is a real will to turn away from war, can peacekeepers be effective.

The attack on UN headquarters in Baghdad in 2003 has also called into question the respect for being impartial which the organization thought it had.

Nevertheless, most people agree that the world still needs some kind of neutral body, backed by force if necessary, for helping former enemies make the transition from war to peace.