1. Everybody knows that the steam engine played one of the main roles in the industrial revolution. The steam engine wasn't invented but developed for over a century by three British inventors.

2. Thomas Savery was the inventor who built the first steam powered machine in 1698 in England. The machine pumped water out of coal mines. It had no moving parts and used much coal to pump water. Savery introduced the idea of using steam to perform a practical work.

3. Thomas Newcomen was the second inventor who improved the pump built by Savery. He added a movable pistol pushed by steam in one direction. The machine was used to remove water from a coal mine.

4. In 1763, the Scottish engineer James Watt brought enormous changes in Newcomen's invention. He was a talented person and since his childhood he dreamt of making things "work like a clock". He studied in London and then he returned to Glasgow where he began to make instruments for the Glasgow University.

5. In 1763, while repairing a steam engine of Newcomen's design, James saw that it could be improved as it was bulky and wasted a lot of energy. To condense the steam in the engine, Newcomen applied a jet of cold water. However, it also cooled the other parts of the engine. Its efficiency was less than one percent that made one of its main drawbacks.

6. Watt added a separate condensation chamber where the steam condensed without cooling the other parts of the engine. This chamber improved the efficiency by almost 75 percent. James Watt introduced the term "horsepower" to show how much work his steam engine could do. Watt also introduced some other changes in the engine that made it possible to convert a forward movement of the piston into a rotational movement. The heat engine could now turn the wheel of a mill or factory machine. Together with the businessman Matthew Boulton, James Watt started to produce steam engines, and they became very rich.

7. Watt presented some other important practical inventions like the double-action engine with both working pistons, a steam indicator that shows steam pressure, and a machine for copying sculptural works. James Watt died in 1819. In 1882, the unit of electrical power was named "a watt" after him.

Match the information in the following statement to the correct paragraph in the passage (4, 5, 6, 7):

The new partnership with Matthew Boulton made Watt a successful and wealthy man

1. Everybody knows that the steam engine played one of the main roles in the industrial revolution. The steam engine wasn't invented but developed for over a century by three British inventors.

2. Thomas Savery was the inventor who built the first steam powered machine in 1698 in England. The machine pumped water out of coal mines. It had no moving parts and used much coal to pump water. Savery introduced the idea of using steam to perform a practical work.

3. Thomas Newcomen was the second inventor who improved the pump built by Savery. He added a movable pistol pushed by steam in one direction. The machine was used to remove water from a coal mine.

4. In 1763, the Scottish engineer James Watt brought enormous changes in Newcomen's invention. He was a talented person and since his childhood he dreamt of making things "work like a clock". He studied in London and then he returned to Glasgow where he began to make instruments for the Glasgow University.

5. In 1763, while repairing a steam engine of Newcomen's design, James saw that it could be improved as it was bulky and wasted a lot of energy. To condense the steam in the engine, Newcomen applied a jet of cold water. However, it also cooled the other parts of the engine. Its efficiency was less than one percent that made one of its main drawbacks.

6. Watt added a separate condensation chamber where the steam condensed without cooling the other parts of the engine. This chamber improved the efficiency by almost 75 percent. James Watt introduced the term "horsepower" to show how much work his steam engine could do. Watt also introduced some other changes in the engine that made it possible to convert a forward movement of the piston into a rotational movement. The heat engine could now turn the wheel of a mill or factory machine. Together with the businessman Matthew Boulton, James Watt started to produce steam engines, and they became very rich.

7. Watt presented some other important practical inventions like the double-action engine with both working pistons, a steam indicator that shows steam pressure, and a machine for copying sculptural works. James Watt died in 1819. In 1882, the unit of electrical power was named "a watt" after him.

Match the information in the following statement to the correct paragraph in the passage (4, 5, 6, 7):

Apart from the steam engine, Watt invented many other things.

1. Everybody knows that the steam engine played one of the main roles in the industrial revolution. The steam engine wasn't invented but developed for over a century by three British inventors.

2. Thomas Savery was the inventor who built the first steam powered machine in 1698 in England. The machine pumped water out of coal mines. It had no moving parts and used much coal to pump water. Savery introduced the idea of using steam to perform a practical work.

3. Thomas Newcomen was the second inventor who improved the pump built by Savery. He added a movable pistol pushed by steam in one direction. The machine was used to remove water from a coal mine.

4. In 1763, the Scottish engineer James Watt brought enormous changes in Newcomen's invention. He was a talented person and since his childhood he dreamt of making things "work like a clock". He studied in London and then he returned to Glasgow where he began to make instruments for the Glasgow University.

5. In 1763, while repairing a steam engine of Newcomen's design, James saw that it could be improved as it was bulky and wasted a lot of energy. To condense the steam in the engine, Newcomen applied a jet of cold water. However, it also cooled the other parts of the engine. Its efficiency was less than one percent that made one of its main drawbacks.

6. Watt added a separate condensation chamber where the steam condensed without cooling the other parts of the engine. This chamber improved the efficiency by almost 75 percent. James Watt introduced the term "horsepower" to show how much work his steam engine could do. Watt also introduced some other changes in the engine that made it possible to convert a forward movement of the piston into a rotational movement. The heat engine could now turn the wheel of a mill or factory machine. Together with the businessman Matthew Boulton, James Watt started to produce steam engines, and they became very rich.

7. Watt presented some other important practical inventions like the double-action engine with both working pistons, a steam indicator that shows steam pressure, and a machine for copying sculptural works. James Watt died in 1819. In 1882, the unit of electrical power was named "a watt" after him.

Decide if the following statement is true, false or not given according to the passage:

James Watt got his Bachelor's degree at the Glasgow University.

1. Everybody knows that the steam engine played one of the main roles in the industrial revolution. The steam engine wasn't invented but developed for over a century by three British inventors.

2. Thomas Savery was the inventor who built the first steam powered machine in 1698 in England. The machine pumped water out of coal mines. It had no moving parts and used much coal to pump water. Savery introduced the idea of using steam to perform a practical work.

3. Thomas Newcomen was the second inventor who improved the pump built by Savery. He added a movable pistol pushed by steam in one direction. The machine was used to remove water from a coal mine.

4. In 1763, the Scottish engineer James Watt brought enormous changes in Newcomen's invention. He was a talented person and since his childhood he dreamt of making things "work like a clock". He studied in London and then he returned to Glasgow where he began to make instruments for the Glasgow University.

5. In 1763, while repairing a steam engine of Newcomen's design, James saw that it could be improved as it was bulky and wasted a lot of energy. To condense the steam in the engine, Newcomen applied a jet of cold water. However, it also cooled the other parts of the engine. Its efficiency was less than one percent that made one of its main drawbacks.

6. Watt added a separate condensation chamber where the steam condensed without cooling the other parts of the engine. This chamber improved the efficiency by almost 75 percent. James Watt introduced the term "horsepower" to show how much work his steam engine could do. Watt also introduced some other changes in the engine that made it possible to convert a forward movement of the piston into a rotational movement. The heat engine could now turn the wheel of a mill or factory machine. Together with the businessman Matthew Boulton, James Watt started to produce steam engines, and they became very rich.

7. Watt presented some other important practical inventions like the double-action engine with both working pistons, a steam indicator that shows steam pressure, and a machine for copying sculptural works. James Watt died in 1819. In 1882, the unit of electrical power was named "a watt" after him.

Decide if the following statement is true, false or not given according to the passage:

Thomas Newcomen's machine was used for industrial purposes.

1. Everybody knows that the steam engine played one of the main roles in the industrial revolution. The steam engine wasn't invented but developed for over a century by three British inventors.

2. Thomas Savery was the inventor who built the first steam powered machine in 1698 in England. The machine pumped water out of coal mines. It had no moving parts and used much coal to pump water. Savery introduced the idea of using steam to perform a practical work.

3. Thomas Newcomen was the second inventor who improved the pump built by Savery. He added a movable pistol pushed by steam in one direction. The machine was used to remove water from a coal mine.

4. In 1763, the Scottish engineer James Watt brought enormous changes in Newcomen's invention. He was a talented person and since his childhood he dreamt of making things "work like a clock". He studied in London and then he returned to Glasgow where he began to make instruments for the Glasgow University.

5. In 1763, while repairing a steam engine of Newcomen's design, James saw that it could be improved as it was bulky and wasted a lot of energy. To condense the steam in the engine, Newcomen applied a jet of cold water. However, it also cooled the other parts of the engine. Its efficiency was less than one percent that made one of its main drawbacks.

6. Watt added a separate condensation chamber where the steam condensed without cooling the other parts of the engine. This chamber improved the efficiency by almost 75 percent. James Watt introduced the term "horsepower" to show how much work his steam engine could do. Watt also introduced some other changes in the engine that made it possible to convert a forward movement of the piston into a rotational movement. The heat engine could now turn the wheel of a mill or factory machine. Together with the businessman Matthew Boulton, James Watt started to produce steam engines, and they became very rich.

7. Watt presented some other important practical inventions like the double-action engine with both working pistons, a steam indicator that shows steam pressure, and a machine for copying sculptural works. James Watt died in 1819. In 1882, the unit of electrical power was named "a watt" after him.

Decide if the following statement is true, false or not given according to the passage:

Several people worked on developing the steam engine.

1. Everybody knows that the steam engine played one of the main roles in the industrial revolution. The steam engine wasn't invented but developed for over a century by three British inventors.

2. Thomas Savery was the inventor who built the first steam powered machine in 1698 in England. The machine pumped water out of coal mines. It had no moving parts and used much coal to pump water. Savery introduced the idea of using steam to perform a practical work.

3. Thomas Newcomen was the second inventor who improved the pump built by Savery. He added a movable pistol pushed by steam in one direction. The machine was used to remove water from a coal mine.

4. In 1763, the Scottish engineer James Watt brought enormous changes in Newcomen's invention. He was a talented person and since his childhood he dreamt of making things "work like a clock". He studied in London and then he returned to Glasgow where he began to make instruments for the Glasgow University.

5. In 1763, while repairing a steam engine of Newcomen's design, James saw that it could be improved as it was bulky and wasted a lot of energy. To condense the steam in the engine, Newcomen applied a jet of cold water. However, it also cooled the other parts of the engine. Its efficiency was less than one percent that made one of its main drawbacks.

6. Watt added a separate condensation chamber where the steam condensed without cooling the other parts of the engine. This chamber improved the efficiency by almost 75 percent. James Watt introduced the term "horsepower" to show how much work his steam engine could do. Watt also introduced some other changes in the engine that made it possible to convert a forward movement of the piston into a rotational movement. The heat engine could now turn the wheel of a mill or factory machine. Together with the businessman Matthew Boulton, James Watt started to produce steam engines, and they became very rich.

7. Watt presented some other important practical inventions like the double-action engine with both working pistons, a steam indicator that shows steam pressure, and a machine for copying sculptural works. James Watt died in 1819. In 1882, the unit of electrical power was named "a watt" after him.

Choose the statement which best expresses the main idea of the passage:

1. Everybody knows that the steam engine played one of the main roles in the industrial revolution. The steam engine wasn't invented but developed for over a century by three British inventors.

2. Thomas Savery was the inventor who built the first steam powered machine in 1698 in England. The machine pumped water out of coal mines. It had no moving parts and used much coal to pump water. Savery introduced the idea of using steam to perform a practical work.

3. Thomas Newcomen was the second inventor who improved the pump built by Savery. He added a movable pistol pushed by steam in one direction. The machine was used to remove water from a coal mine.

4. In 1763, the Scottish engineer James Watt brought enormous changes in Newcomen's invention. He was a talented person and since his childhood he dreamt of making things "work like a clock". He studied in London and then he returned to Glasgow where he began to make instruments for the Glasgow University.

5. In 1763, while repairing a steam engine of Newcomen's design, James saw that it could be improved as it was bulky and wasted a lot of energy. To condense the steam in the engine, Newcomen applied a jet of cold water. However, it also cooled the other parts of the engine. Its efficiency was less than one percent that made one of its main drawbacks.

6. Watt added a separate condensation chamber where the steam condensed without cooling the other parts of the engine. This chamber improved the efficiency by almost 75 percent. James Watt introduced the term "horsepower" to show how much work his steam engine could do. Watt also introduced some other changes in the engine that made it possible to convert a forward movement of the piston into a rotational movement. The heat engine could now turn the wheel of a mill or factory machine. Together with the businessman Matthew Boulton, James Watt started to produce steam engines, and they became very rich.

7. Watt presented some other important practical inventions like the double-action engine with both working pistons, a steam indicator that shows steam pressure, and a machine for copying sculptural works. James Watt died in 1819. In 1882, the unit of electrical power was named "a watt" after him.

Decide if the following statement is true, false or not given according to the passage:

Thomas Newcomen's machine was in great demand.

1. Everybody knows that the steam engine played one of the main roles in the industrial revolution. The steam engine wasn't invented but developed for over a century by three British inventors.

2. Thomas Savery was the inventor who built the first steam powered machine in 1698 in England. The machine pumped water out of coal mines. It had no moving parts and used much coal to pump water. Savery introduced the idea of using steam to perform a practical work.

3. Thomas Newcomen was the second inventor who improved the pump built by Savery. He added a movable pistol pushed by steam in one direction. The machine was used to remove water from a coal mine.

4. In 1763, the Scottish engineer James Watt brought enormous changes in Newcomen's invention. He was a talented person and since his childhood he dreamt of making things "work like a clock". He studied in London and then he returned to Glasgow where he began to make instruments for the Glasgow University.

5. In 1763, while repairing a steam engine of Newcomen's design, James saw that it could be improved as it was bulky and wasted a lot of energy. To condense the steam in the engine, Newcomen applied a jet of cold water. However, it also cooled the other parts of the engine. Its efficiency was less than one percent that made one of its main drawbacks.

6. Watt added a separate condensation chamber where the steam condensed without cooling the other parts of the engine. This chamber improved the efficiency by almost 75 percent. James Watt introduced the term "horsepower" to show how much work his steam engine could do. Watt also introduced some other changes in the engine that made it possible to convert a forward movement of the piston into a rotational movement. The heat engine could now turn the wheel of a mill or factory machine. Together with the businessman Matthew Boulton, James Watt started to produce steam engines, and they became very rich.

7. Watt presented some other important practical inventions like the double-action engine with both working pistons, a steam indicator that shows steam pressure, and a machine for copying sculptural works. James Watt died in 1819. In 1882, the unit of electrical power was named "a watt" after him.

Watt added a separate condensation chamber to cool the other parts of the engine.

1. Nikola Tesla, a Serbian American inventor and engineer, was born on the 9th of July, 1856. He came up with a lot of inventions in the production, transmission and application of electric power. In 1875, Nikola entered the Higher Technical School in Graz to study electrical engineering. He clearly saw weak points of direct current (DC) machines, but was sharply criticized by his professors. In the third year of his studies, he started playing cards and lost a lot of money. He said he did not see any goal in these studies. Tesla could not pass his final exams, though he managed to solve the most difficult mathematical problems in mind. In 1882, while walking in a park, he got an idea of a brushless alternating current (AC) motor.

2. In 1884, Tesla immigrated to the US. He got a job as an engineer at Thomas Edison's Manhattan headquarters. Edison promised Tesla to pay him $50,000 for an improvement of his DC dynamos. After several months of experiments, Tesla submitted the results and asked for the money. Edison refused him saying that Tesla did not understand the American humor. Offended, Tesla resigned immediately.

3. Edison's main rival in the "battle of the currents" was George Westinghouse. Westinghouse employed Tesla, licensed the patents for his AC motor and gave him a lab. To weaken the fear of alternating current, in his laboratory, Tesla showed experiments with alternating current passing electricity through his body. Together with Westinghouse and General Electric, Tesla set AC generators at Niagara Falls, that was the first modern power station.

4. In 1900, Tesla initiated the construction of the first wireless telecommunication tower for commercial transatlantic telephony, radio broadcasting and demonstration of wireless power transmission. But as this could provide free electricity to everyone, J.P. Morgan, the owner of the world's first Niagara hydroelectric power station, decided to refuse further financing. It was Tesla's greatest defeat.

5. Tesla lived his last decades in a New York hotel, working on new inventions even as his energy and mental health faded. He never paid much attention to his finances and died in great poverty at the age of 86. Tesla died in his room on the 7th of January, 1943. Later that year, the U.S. Supreme Court acknowledged Tesla's innovations in radio. The AC system he championed and improved remains the global standard for power transmission.

Decide if the following statement is true, false or not given according to the passage:

Tesla's work in Colorado Springs was very productive.

1. Nikola Tesla, a Serbian American inventor and engineer, was born on the 9th of July, 1856. He came up with a lot of inventions in the production, transmission and application of electric power. In 1875, Nikola entered the Higher Technical School in Graz to study electrical engineering. He clearly saw weak points of direct current (DC) machines, but was sharply criticized by his professors. In the third year of his studies, he started playing cards and lost a lot of money. He said he did not see any goal in these studies. Tesla could not pass his final exams, though he managed to solve the most difficult mathematical problems in mind. In 1882, while walking in a park, he got an idea of a brushless alternating current (AC) motor.

2. In 1884, Tesla immigrated to the US. He got a job as an engineer at Thomas Edison's Manhattan headquarters. Edison promised Tesla to pay him $50,000 for an improvement of his DC dynamos. After several months of experiments, Tesla submitted the results and asked for the money. Edison refused him saying that Tesla did not understand the American humor. Offended, Tesla resigned immediately.

3. Edison's main rival in the "battle of the currents" was George Westinghouse. Westinghouse employed Tesla, licensed the patents for his AC motor and gave him a lab. To weaken the fear of alternating current, in his laboratory, Tesla showed experiments with alternating current passing electricity through his body. Together with Westinghouse and General Electric, Tesla set AC generators at Niagara Falls, that was the first modern power station.

4. In 1900, Tesla initiated the construction of the first wireless telecommunication tower for commercial transatlantic telephony, radio broadcasting and demonstration of wireless power transmission. But as this could provide free electricity to everyone, J.P. Morgan, the owner of the world's first Niagara hydroelectric power station, decided to refuse further financing. It was Tesla's greatest defeat.

5. Tesla lived his last decades in a New York hotel, working on new inventions even as his energy and mental health faded. He never paid much attention to his finances and died in great poverty at the age of 86. Tesla died in his room on the 7th of January, 1943. Later that year, the U.S. Supreme Court acknowledged Tesla's innovations in radio. The AC system he championed and improved remains the global standard for power transmission.

Decide if the following statement is true, false or not given according to the passage:

J.P. Morgan refused to finance the construction of the telecommunication tower because he ran out of money.