1. Until 1938, scientists did not even think that a neutron could split an atom's core. Nobody could imagine that nuclear fission would be used in power plants and atomic bombs. Otto Hahn discovered nuclear fission and got the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1945. Unfortunately, his colleague Lise Meitner was not even mentioned.

2. Lise Meitner was born in Vienna in 1878. She was the third of eight children in a Jewish family. During her school years, Lise showed an interest in mathematics and natural sciences. Her father, a lawyer and a famous chess player, hired private teachers for her. From 1892 to 1901, the girls in Vienna were not allowed to enter universities, so Lise had some difficulties in getting her higher education. In 1901, however, the situation changed, and she managed to enter the University of Vienna. In 1906, she got her PhD in Physics.

3. In 1907, Lise went to the University of Berlin to attend Max Planck's lectures on theoretical physics, but as she was a woman, she wasn't given a permission to work in the same laboratory as men. In Berlin, Lise met Otto Hahn who was conducting experiments in radioactivity. They worked together for 30 years. They achieved great results in nuclear physics. In 1926, Meitner became a professor at the University of Berlin. For their achievements in science from 1924 to 1934, Meitner and Hahn were nominated for the Nobel Prize eight times.

4. By 1937, Meitner and Hahn had identified several new radioactive elements. Together with the analytical chemist Fritz Strassmann, they were working on nuclear fission. Their colleague from Italy, Enrico Fermi, produced radioactive isotopes by bombarding uranium with neutrons. None of them, however, could say whether these isotopes were transuranic elements.

5. In 1938, Hitler came to power and all Jews were fired from the university. Lise had to move to Denmark and then to Sweden. By her initiative, Hahn and Strassmann kept on carrying out experiments, and they discovered nuclear fission in their laboratory in Berlin. But the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was given to Hahn alone. It was Meitner who solved the mystery, and Hahn only proved her ideas by experimenting. He never shared his glory with Lise. In 1966, however, Meitner and her colleagues were awarded the US Fermi Prize.

6. She had no idea that her discovery could be used to make lethal weapon and refused to take part in its development.

7. Meitner died in 1968. In 1992, a new element was named "Meitnerium" after Lise Meitner, thus she received a deserved recognition.

Choose the correct answer to the following question:

What did Lise Meitner get at the age of 28?

1. Until 1938, scientists did not even think that a neutron could split an atom's core. Nobody could imagine that nuclear fission would be used in power plants and atomic bombs. Otto Hahn discovered nuclear fission and got the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1945. Unfortunately, his colleague Lise Meitner was not even mentioned.

2. Lise Meitner was born in Vienna in 1878. She was the third of eight children in a Jewish family. During her school years, Lise showed an interest in mathematics and natural sciences. Her father, a lawyer and a famous chess player, hired private teachers for her. From 1892 to 1901, the girls in Vienna were not allowed to enter universities, so Lise had some difficulties in getting her higher education. In 1901, however, the situation changed, and she managed to enter the University of Vienna. In 1906, she got her PhD in Physics.

3. In 1907, Lise went to the University of Berlin to attend Max Planck's lectures on theoretical physics, but as she was a woman, she wasn't given a permission to work in the same laboratory as men. In Berlin, Lise met Otto Hahn who was conducting experiments in radioactivity. They worked together for 30 years. They achieved great results in nuclear physics. In 1926, Meitner became a professor at the University of Berlin. For their achievements in science from 1924 to 1934, Meitner and Hahn were nominated for the Nobel Prize eight times.

4. By 1937, Meitner and Hahn had identified several new radioactive elements. Together with the analytical chemist Fritz Strassmann, they were working on nuclear fission. Their colleague from Italy, Enrico Fermi, produced radioactive isotopes by bombarding uranium with neutrons. None of them, however, could say whether these isotopes were transuranic elements.

5. In 1938, Hitler came to power and all Jews were fired from the university. Lise had to move to Denmark and then to Sweden. By her initiative, Hahn and Strassmann kept on carrying out experiments, and they discovered nuclear fission in their laboratory in Berlin. But the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was given to Hahn alone. It was Meitner who solved the mystery, and Hahn only proved her ideas by experimenting. He never shared his glory with Lise. In 1966, however, Meitner and her colleagues were awarded the US Fermi Prize.

6. She had no idea that her discovery could be used to make lethal weapon and refused to take part in its development.

7. Meitner died in 1968. In 1992, a new element was named "Meitnerium" after Lise Meitner, thus she received a deserved recognition.

Choose the correct answer to the following question:

Why did Lise Meitner leave Germany?

1. Until 1938, scientists did not even think that a neutron could split an atom's core. Nobody could imagine that nuclear fission would be used in power plants and atomic bombs. Otto Hahn discovered nuclear fission and got the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1945. Unfortunately, his colleague Lise Meitner was not even mentioned.

2. Lise Meitner was born in Vienna in 1878. She was the third of eight children in a Jewish family. During her school years, Lise showed an interest in mathematics and natural sciences. Her father, a lawyer and a famous chess player, hired private teachers for her. From 1892 to 1901, the girls in Vienna were not allowed to enter universities, so Lise had some difficulties in getting her higher education. In 1901, however, the situation changed, and she managed to enter the University of Vienna. In 1906, she got her PhD in Physics.

3. In 1907, Lise went to the University of Berlin to attend Max Planck's lectures on theoretical physics, but as she was a woman, she wasn't given a permission to work in the same laboratory as men. In Berlin, Lise met Otto Hahn who was conducting experiments in radioactivity. They worked together for 30 years. They achieved great results in nuclear physics. In 1926, Meitner became a professor at the University of Berlin. For their achievements in science from 1924 to 1934, Meitner and Hahn were nominated for the Nobel Prize eight times.

4. By 1937, Meitner and Hahn had identified several new radioactive elements. Together with the analytical chemist Fritz Strassmann, they were working on nuclear fission. Their colleague from Italy, Enrico Fermi, produced radioactive isotopes by bombarding uranium with neutrons. None of them, however, could say whether these isotopes were transuranic elements.

5. In 1938, Hitler came to power and all Jews were fired from the university. Lise had to move to Denmark and then to Sweden. By her initiative, Hahn and Strassmann kept on carrying out experiments, and they discovered nuclear fission in their laboratory in Berlin. But the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was given to Hahn alone. It was Meitner who solved the mystery, and Hahn only proved her ideas by experimenting. He never shared his glory with Lise. In 1966, however, Meitner and her colleagues were awarded the US Fermi Prize.

6. She had no idea that her discovery could be used to make lethal weapon and refused to take part in its development.

7. Meitner died in 1968. In 1992, a new element was named "Meitnerium" after Lise Meitner, thus she received a deserved recognition.

Choose the correct answer to the following question:

What was Lise Meitner famous for?

1. Until 1938, scientists did not even think that a neutron could split an atom's core. Nobody could imagine that nuclear fission would be used in power plants and atomic bombs. Otto Hahn discovered nuclear fission and got the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1945. Unfortunately, his colleague Lise Meitner was not even mentioned.

2. Lise Meitner was born in Vienna in 1878. She was the third of eight children in a Jewish family. During her school years, Lise showed an interest in mathematics and natural sciences. Her father, a lawyer and a famous chess player, hired private teachers for her. From 1892 to 1901, the girls in Vienna were not allowed to enter universities, so Lise had some difficulties in getting her higher education. In 1901, however, the situation changed, and she managed to enter the University of Vienna. In 1906, she got her PhD in Physics.

3. In 1907, Lise went to the University of Berlin to attend Max Planck's lectures on theoretical physics, but as she was a woman, she wasn't given a permission to work in the same laboratory as men. In Berlin, Lise met Otto Hahn who was conducting experiments in radioactivity. They worked together for 30 years. They achieved great results in nuclear physics. In 1926, Meitner became a professor at the University of Berlin. For their achievements in science from 1924 to 1934, Meitner and Hahn were nominated for the Nobel Prize eight times.

4. By 1937, Meitner and Hahn had identified several new radioactive elements. Together with the analytical chemist Fritz Strassmann, they were working on nuclear fission. Their colleague from Italy, Enrico Fermi, produced radioactive isotopes by bombarding uranium with neutrons. None of them, however, could say whether these isotopes were transuranic elements.

5. In 1938, Hitler came to power and all Jews were fired from the university. Lise had to move to Denmark and then to Sweden. By her initiative, Hahn and Strassmann kept on carrying out experiments, and they discovered nuclear fission in their laboratory in Berlin. But the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was given to Hahn alone. It was Meitner who solved the mystery, and Hahn only proved her ideas by experimenting. He never shared his glory with Lise. In 1966, however, Meitner and her colleagues were awarded the US Fermi Prize.

6. She had no idea that her discovery could be used to make lethal weapon and refused to take part in its development.

7. Meitner died in 1968. In 1992, a new element was named "Meitnerium" after Lise Meitner, thus she received a deserved recognition.

Decide if the following statement is true, false or not given according to the passage:

In 1938 physicists had great plans to apply atomic energy.

1. Alfred Nobel, an inventor and engineer from Sweden, was born on the 21st of October, 1833 in Stockholm. His father Immanuel Nobel was in the construction business in his hometown. In 1837, however, he went bankrupt, and decided to go to Russia without his family to open a new business in St. Petersburg. In 1842, the rest of the family joined him.

2. Alfred got a perfect education and succeeded in learning both humanities and science. He received his education in the USA and in Paris where he carried out experiments with an explosive nitroglycerine liquid. When his father lost his fortune again, the family returned to Stockholm.

3. Being in Stockholm, Alfred and his younger brother established a laboratory where they started experimenting with nitroglycerine. Unfortunately, there were several explosions in their laboratory that caused some people deaths. Since then, experiments with explosives were forbidden within the city limits.

4. But it didn't stop Alfred. He continued his work out of the city. He was looking for the ways to transport explosives safely and to control the detonation of nitroglycerine. Alfred made a mixture of nitroglycerine and silica as a paste that could be shaped easily. This new explosive was patented in 1867 as "dynamite". His next invention was a blasting cap (detonator) which could be fired by lighting a fuse. Dynamite and blasting caps were in great demand, and in the course of time, more than 20 countries started manufacturing them.

5. Alfred Nobel was also successful in the development of synthetic rubber, leather, and artificial silk. He worked hard and had little time for private life. He also showed a great interest to social and peace-related problems, literature and poetry and published some of his works. At the same time, Alfred was not a public person. He had no family. He died in Italy on the 10th of December 1896.

6. Nobel's will shocked his relatives. According to it, his capital was to be invested to form a fund that awards the Nobel Prize to people whose works in different fields brought the greatest benefit to humanity. The first Nobel Prizes were awarded in 1901. The Prizes are awarded in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology and Medicine, Literature, Economics, and Peace. The ceremony is held annually in Stockholm on the 10th of December.

Choose the correct answer to the following question:

What was Alfred Nobel famous for?

1. Alfred Nobel, an inventor and engineer from Sweden, was born on the 21st of October, 1833 in Stockholm. His father Immanuel Nobel was in the construction business in his hometown. In 1837, however, he went bankrupt, and decided to go to Russia without his family to open a new business in St. Petersburg. In 1842, the rest of the family joined him.

2. Alfred got a perfect education and succeeded in learning both humanities and science. He received his education in the USA and in Paris where he carried out experiments with an explosive nitroglycerine liquid. When his father lost his fortune again, the family returned to Stockholm.

3. Being in Stockholm, Alfred and his younger brother established a laboratory where they started experimenting with nitroglycerine. Unfortunately, there were several explosions in their laboratory that caused some people deaths. Since then, experiments with explosives were forbidden within the city limits.

4. But it didn't stop Alfred. He continued his work out of the city. He was looking for the ways to transport explosives safely and to control the detonation of nitroglycerine. Alfred made a mixture of nitroglycerine and silica as a paste that could be shaped easily. This new explosive was patented in 1867 as "dynamite". His next invention was a blasting cap (detonator) which could be fired by lighting a fuse. Dynamite and blasting caps were in great demand, and in the course of time, more than 20 countries started manufacturing them.

5. Alfred Nobel was also successful in the development of synthetic rubber, leather, and artificial silk. He worked hard and had little time for private life. He also showed a great interest to social and peace-related problems, literature and poetry and published some of his works. At the same time, Alfred was not a public person. He had no family. He died in Italy on the 10th of December 1896.

6. Nobel's will shocked his relatives. According to it, his capital was to be invested to form a fund that awards the Nobel Prize to people whose works in different fields brought the greatest benefit to humanity. The first Nobel Prizes were awarded in 1901. The Prizes are awarded in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology and Medicine, Literature, Economics, and Peace. The ceremony is held annually in Stockholm on the 10th of December.

Match the information in the following statement to the correct paragraph in the passage (3, 4, 5, 6):

The Nobel Foundation was established after the death of Nobel.

1. Alfred Nobel, an inventor and engineer from Sweden, was born on the 21st of October, 1833 in Stockholm. His father Immanuel Nobel was in the construction business in his hometown. In 1837, however, he went bankrupt, and decided to go to Russia without his family to open a new business in St. Petersburg. In 1842, the rest of the family joined him.

2. Alfred got a perfect education and succeeded in learning both humanities and science. He received his education in the USA and in Paris where he carried out experiments with an explosive nitroglycerine liquid. When his father lost his fortune again, the family returned to Stockholm.

3. Being in Stockholm, Alfred and his younger brother established a laboratory where they started experimenting with nitroglycerine. Unfortunately, there were several explosions in their laboratory that caused some people deaths. Since then, experiments with explosives were forbidden within the city limits.

4. But it didn't stop Alfred. He continued his work out of the city. He was looking for the ways to transport explosives safely and to control the detonation of nitroglycerine. Alfred made a mixture of nitroglycerine and silica as a paste that could be shaped easily. This new explosive was patented in 1867 as "dynamite". His next invention was a blasting cap (detonator) which could be fired by lighting a fuse. Dynamite and blasting caps were in great demand, and in the course of time, more than 20 countries started manufacturing them.

5. Alfred Nobel was also successful in the development of synthetic rubber, leather, and artificial silk. He worked hard and had little time for private life. He also showed a great interest to social and peace-related problems, literature and poetry and published some of his works. At the same time, Alfred was not a public person. He had no family. He died in Italy on the 10th of December 1896.

6. Nobel's will shocked his relatives. According to it, his capital was to be invested to form a fund that awards the Nobel Prize to people whose works in different fields brought the greatest benefit to humanity. The first Nobel Prizes were awarded in 1901. The Prizes are awarded in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology and Medicine, Literature, Economics, and Peace. The ceremony is held annually in Stockholm on the 10th of December.

Decide if the following statement is true, false or not given according to the passage:

Nobel loved literature and used to write poetry.

1. Alfred Nobel, an inventor and engineer from Sweden, was born on the 21st of October, 1833 in Stockholm. His father Immanuel Nobel was in the construction business in his hometown. In 1837, however, he went bankrupt, and decided to go to Russia without his family to open a new business in St. Petersburg. In 1842, the rest of the family joined him.

2. Alfred got a perfect education and succeeded in learning both humanities and science. He received his education in the USA and in Paris where he carried out experiments with an explosive nitroglycerine liquid. When his father lost his fortune again, the family returned to Stockholm.

3. Being in Stockholm, Alfred and his younger brother established a laboratory where they started experimenting with nitroglycerine. Unfortunately, there were several explosions in their laboratory that caused some people deaths. Since then, experiments with explosives were forbidden within the city limits.

4. But it didn't stop Alfred. He continued his work out of the city. He was looking for the ways to transport explosives safely and to control the detonation of nitroglycerine. Alfred made a mixture of nitroglycerine and silica as a paste that could be shaped easily. This new explosive was patented in 1867 as "dynamite". His next invention was a blasting cap (detonator) which could be fired by lighting a fuse. Dynamite and blasting caps were in great demand, and in the course of time, more than 20 countries started manufacturing them.

5. Alfred Nobel was also successful in the development of synthetic rubber, leather, and artificial silk. He worked hard and had little time for private life. He also showed a great interest to social and peace-related problems, literature and poetry and published some of his works. At the same time, Alfred was not a public person. He had no family. He died in Italy on the 10th of December 1896.

6. Nobel's will shocked his relatives. According to it, his capital was to be invested to form a fund that awards the Nobel Prize to people whose works in different fields brought the greatest benefit to humanity. The first Nobel Prizes were awarded in 1901. The Prizes are awarded in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology and Medicine, Literature, Economics, and Peace. The ceremony is held annually in Stockholm on the 10th of December.

Choose the correct answer to the following question:

What did Alfred's father do for a living

1. Alfred Nobel, an inventor and engineer from Sweden, was born on the 21st of October, 1833 in Stockholm. His father Immanuel Nobel was in the construction business in his hometown. In 1837, however, he went bankrupt, and decided to go to Russia without his family to open a new business in St. Petersburg. In 1842, the rest of the family joined him.

2. Alfred got a perfect education and succeeded in learning both humanities and science. He received his education in the USA and in Paris where he carried out experiments with an explosive nitroglycerine liquid. When his father lost his fortune again, the family returned to Stockholm.

3. Being in Stockholm, Alfred and his younger brother established a laboratory where they started experimenting with nitroglycerine. Unfortunately, there were several explosions in their laboratory that caused some people deaths. Since then, experiments with explosives were forbidden within the city limits.

4. But it didn't stop Alfred. He continued his work out of the city. He was looking for the ways to transport explosives safely and to control the detonation of nitroglycerine. Alfred made a mixture of nitroglycerine and silica as a paste that could be shaped easily. This new explosive was patented in 1867 as "dynamite". His next invention was a blasting cap (detonator) which could be fired by lighting a fuse. Dynamite and blasting caps were in great demand, and in the course of time, more than 20 countries started manufacturing them.

5. Alfred Nobel was also successful in the development of synthetic rubber, leather, and artificial silk. He worked hard and had little time for private life. He also showed a great interest to social and peace-related problems, literature and poetry and published some of his works. At the same time, Alfred was not a public person. He had no family. He died in Italy on the 10th of December 1896.

6. Nobel's will shocked his relatives. According to it, his capital was to be invested to form a fund that awards the Nobel Prize to people whose works in different fields brought the greatest benefit to humanity. The first Nobel Prizes were awarded in 1901. The Prizes are awarded in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology and Medicine, Literature, Economics, and Peace. The ceremony is held annually in Stockholm on the 10th of December.

Decide if the following statement is true, false or not given according to the passage:

Several people died in tragic accidents in the laboratory where nitroglycerin was prepared.

1. Alfred Nobel, an inventor and engineer from Sweden, was born on the 21st of October, 1833 in Stockholm. His father Immanuel Nobel was in the construction business in his hometown. In 1837, however, he went bankrupt, and decided to go to Russia without his family to open a new business in St. Petersburg. In 1842, the rest of the family joined him.

2. Alfred got a perfect education and succeeded in learning both humanities and science. He received his education in the USA and in Paris where he carried out experiments with an explosive nitroglycerine liquid. When his father lost his fortune again, the family returned to Stockholm.

3. Being in Stockholm, Alfred and his younger brother established a laboratory where they started experimenting with nitroglycerine. Unfortunately, there were several explosions in their laboratory that caused some people deaths. Since then, experiments with explosives were forbidden within the city limits.

4. But it didn't stop Alfred. He continued his work out of the city. He was looking for the ways to transport explosives safely and to control the detonation of nitroglycerine. Alfred made a mixture of nitroglycerine and silica as a paste that could be shaped easily. This new explosive was patented in 1867 as "dynamite". His next invention was a blasting cap (detonator) which could be fired by lighting a fuse. Dynamite and blasting caps were in great demand, and in the course of time, more than 20 countries started manufacturing them.

5. Alfred Nobel was also successful in the development of synthetic rubber, leather, and artificial silk. He worked hard and had little time for private life. He also showed a great interest to social and peace-related problems, literature and poetry and published some of his works. At the same time, Alfred was not a public person. He had no family. He died in Italy on the 10th of December 1896.

6. Nobel's will shocked his relatives. According to it, his capital was to be invested to form a fund that awards the Nobel Prize to people whose works in different fields brought the greatest benefit to humanity. The first Nobel Prizes were awarded in 1901. The Prizes are awarded in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology and Medicine, Literature, Economics, and Peace. The ceremony is held annually in Stockholm on the 10th of December.

Decide if the following statement is true, false or not given according to the passage:

There is no Nobel Prize in Literature.