1. Engineering inventions made our life easier and more convenient. The last century, however, failed to provide solutions to some challenges that scientists, doctors and engineers face today. The following issues are among the biggest engineering challenges: sustainable infrastructure, clean energy, clean water supply, healthcare tools and cyberspace security. Meeting all those challenges will make the world a more sustainable, healthy, safer and better place.

2. Sustainable infrastructure is among the main challenges in many countries. As the population grows, especially in the developing countries, the issues of building bridges, roads, electrical, water and sewage systems are getting more important. Engineers have to restore the existing infrastructure and to find the ways to improve it while taking into consideration the ecological balance and the beauty of the cities.

3. The planet population is rising and temperatures are getting higher. Engineers are responsible for making the changes necessary to prevent damage caused by climate change. Engineers look for the ways of building dams and digging wells at a suitable rate, building solar desalination plants for providing fresh drinking water. Using alternative (solar, wind, hydropower) energy sources, reducing pollution generated by plants and companies are just some of the methods applied by engineers.

4. Innovation in health care is highly important because of the increased life expectancy. There is a constant need for new inventions to improve the efficiency of current technologies. Engineers and doctors must develop personalized strategies and medicines because there is a difference in how people react to the same treatment.

5. We are living in the century of high technologies. Many functions of everyday life are handled in cyberspace. Everything from national security to the electrical grid requires safe storage. Cybercrime through the Internet has become an integral part of our life and a real threat when money becomes the target for cyber criminals. Engineers design the systems for keeping cyberspace secure through the firewalls at the point of entry and biometrics like fingerprint readers. Much more work is needed to protect people from cyber criminals.

Match the information in the following statement to the correct paragraph in the passage (1, 2, 4, 5):

The lack of transport, sewage, and other important facilities is the major issue for the society.

1. Engineering inventions made our life easier and more convenient. The last century, however, failed to provide solutions to some challenges that scientists, doctors and engineers face today. The following issues are among the biggest engineering challenges: sustainable infrastructure, clean energy, clean water supply, healthcare tools and cyberspace security. Meeting all those challenges will make the world a more sustainable, healthy, safer and better place.

2. Sustainable infrastructure is among the main challenges in many countries. As the population grows, especially in the developing countries, the issues of building bridges, roads, electrical, water and sewage systems are getting more important. Engineers have to restore the existing infrastructure and to find the ways to improve it while taking into consideration the ecological balance and the beauty of the cities.

3. The planet population is rising and temperatures are getting higher. Engineers are responsible for making the changes necessary to prevent damage caused by climate change. Engineers look for the ways of building dams and digging wells at a suitable rate, building solar desalination plants for providing fresh drinking water. Using alternative (solar, wind, hydropower) energy sources, reducing pollution generated by plants and companies are just some of the methods applied by engineers.

4. Innovation in health care is highly important because of the increased life expectancy. There is a constant need for new inventions to improve the efficiency of current technologies. Engineers and doctors must develop personalized strategies and medicines because there is a difference in how people react to the same treatment.

5. We are living in the century of high technologies. Many functions of everyday life are handled in cyberspace. Everything from national security to the electrical grid requires safe storage. Cybercrime through the Internet has become an integral part of our life and a real threat when money becomes the target for cyber criminals. Engineers design the systems for keeping cyberspace secure through the firewalls at the point of entry and biometrics like fingerprint readers. Much more work is needed to protect people from cyber criminals.

Decide if the following statement is true, false or not given according to the passage:

Engineering achievements make our life more complex and challenging.

1. Engineering inventions made our life easier and more convenient. The last century, however, failed to provide solutions to some challenges that scientists, doctors and engineers face today. The following issues are among the biggest engineering challenges: sustainable infrastructure, clean energy, clean water supply, healthcare tools and cyberspace security. Meeting all those challenges will make the world a more sustainable, healthy, safer and better place.

2. Sustainable infrastructure is among the main challenges in many countries. As the population grows, especially in the developing countries, the issues of building bridges, roads, electrical, water and sewage systems are getting more important. Engineers have to restore the existing infrastructure and to find the ways to improve it while taking into consideration the ecological balance and the beauty of the cities.

3. The planet population is rising and temperatures are getting higher. Engineers are responsible for making the changes necessary to prevent damage caused by climate change. Engineers look for the ways of building dams and digging wells at a suitable rate, building solar desalination plants for providing fresh drinking water. Using alternative (solar, wind, hydropower) energy sources, reducing pollution generated by plants and companies are just some of the methods applied by engineers.

4. Innovation in health care is highly important because of the increased life expectancy. There is a constant need for new inventions to improve the efficiency of current technologies. Engineers and doctors must develop personalized strategies and medicines because there is a difference in how people react to the same treatment.

5. We are living in the century of high technologies. Many functions of everyday life are handled in cyberspace. Everything from national security to the electrical grid requires safe storage. Cybercrime through the Internet has become an integral part of our life and a real threat when money becomes the target for cyber criminals. Engineers design the systems for keeping cyberspace secure through the firewalls at the point of entry and biometrics like fingerprint readers. Much more work is needed to protect people from cyber criminals.

Decide if the following statement is true, false or not given according to the passage:

"Green" sources of energy can reduce climate change.

1. Engineering inventions made our life easier and more convenient. The last century, however, failed to provide solutions to some challenges that scientists, doctors and engineers face today. The following issues are among the biggest engineering challenges: sustainable infrastructure, clean energy, clean water supply, healthcare tools and cyberspace security. Meeting all those challenges will make the world a more sustainable, healthy, safer and better place.

2. Sustainable infrastructure is among the main challenges in many countries. As the population grows, especially in the developing countries, the issues of building bridges, roads, electrical, water and sewage systems are getting more important. Engineers have to restore the existing infrastructure and to find the ways to improve it while taking into consideration the ecological balance and the beauty of the cities.

3. The planet population is rising and temperatures are getting higher. Engineers are responsible for making the changes necessary to prevent damage caused by climate change. Engineers look for the ways of building dams and digging wells at a suitable rate, building solar desalination plants for providing fresh drinking water. Using alternative (solar, wind, hydropower) energy sources, reducing pollution generated by plants and companies are just some of the methods applied by engineers.

4. Innovation in health care is highly important because of the increased life expectancy. There is a constant need for new inventions to improve the efficiency of current technologies. Engineers and doctors must develop personalized strategies and medicines because there is a difference in how people react to the same treatment.

5. We are living in the century of high technologies. Many functions of everyday life are handled in cyberspace. Everything from national security to the electrical grid requires safe storage. Cybercrime through the Internet has become an integral part of our life and a real threat when money becomes the target for cyber criminals. Engineers design the systems for keeping cyberspace secure through the firewalls at the point of entry and biometrics like fingerprint readers. Much more work is needed to protect people from cyber criminals.

Decide if the following statement is true, false or not given according to the passage:

Patients can respond to similar medical care in different ways.

1. Engineering inventions made our life easier and more convenient. The last century, however, failed to provide solutions to some challenges that scientists, doctors and engineers face today. The following issues are among the biggest engineering challenges: sustainable infrastructure, clean energy, clean water supply, healthcare tools and cyberspace security. Meeting all those challenges will make the world a more sustainable, healthy, safer and better place.

2. Sustainable infrastructure is among the main challenges in many countries. As the population grows, especially in the developing countries, the issues of building bridges, roads, electrical, water and sewage systems are getting more important. Engineers have to restore the existing infrastructure and to find the ways to improve it while taking into consideration the ecological balance and the beauty of the cities.

3. The planet population is rising and temperatures are getting higher. Engineers are responsible for making the changes necessary to prevent damage caused by climate change. Engineers look for the ways of building dams and digging wells at a suitable rate, building solar desalination plants for providing fresh drinking water. Using alternative (solar, wind, hydropower) energy sources, reducing pollution generated by plants and companies are just some of the methods applied by engineers.

4. Innovation in health care is highly important because of the increased life expectancy. There is a constant need for new inventions to improve the efficiency of current technologies. Engineers and doctors must develop personalized strategies and medicines because there is a difference in how people react to the same treatment.

5. We are living in the century of high technologies. Many functions of everyday life are handled in cyberspace. Everything from national security to the electrical grid requires safe storage. Cybercrime through the Internet has become an integral part of our life and a real threat when money becomes the target for cyber criminals. Engineers design the systems for keeping cyberspace secure through the firewalls at the point of entry and biometrics like fingerprint readers. Much more work is needed to protect people from cyber criminals.

Decide if the following statement is true, false or not given according to the passage:

Nowadays, people can be protected from the crime committed through the Internet.

1. Engineering inventions made our life easier and more convenient. The last century, however, failed to provide solutions to some challenges that scientists, doctors and engineers face today. The following issues are among the biggest engineering challenges: sustainable infrastructure, clean energy, clean water supply, healthcare tools and cyberspace security. Meeting all those challenges will make the world a more sustainable, healthy, safer and better place.

2. Sustainable infrastructure is among the main challenges in many countries. As the population grows, especially in the developing countries, the issues of building bridges, roads, electrical, water and sewage systems are getting more important. Engineers have to restore the existing infrastructure and to find the ways to improve it while taking into consideration the ecological balance and the beauty of the cities.

3. The planet population is rising and temperatures are getting higher. Engineers are responsible for making the changes necessary to prevent damage caused by climate change. Engineers look for the ways of building dams and digging wells at a suitable rate, building solar desalination plants for providing fresh drinking water. Using alternative (solar, wind, hydropower) energy sources, reducing pollution generated by plants and companies are just some of the methods applied by engineers.

4. Innovation in health care is highly important because of the increased life expectancy. There is a constant need for new inventions to improve the efficiency of current technologies. Engineers and doctors must develop personalized strategies and medicines because there is a difference in how people react to the same treatment.

5. We are living in the century of high technologies. Many functions of everyday life are handled in cyberspace. Everything from national security to the electrical grid requires safe storage. Cybercrime through the Internet has become an integral part of our life and a real threat when money becomes the target for cyber criminals. Engineers design the systems for keeping cyberspace secure through the firewalls at the point of entry and biometrics like fingerprint readers. Much more work is needed to protect people from cyber criminals.

Decide if the following statement is true, false or not given according to the passage:

People in small towns suffer from the lack of cafes, entertainment centers and big malls.

1. Engineering inventions made our life easier and more convenient. The last century, however, failed to provide solutions to some challenges that scientists, doctors and engineers face today. The following issues are among the biggest engineering challenges: sustainable infrastructure, clean energy, clean water supply, healthcare tools and cyberspace security. Meeting all those challenges will make the world a more sustainable, healthy, safer and better place.

2. Sustainable infrastructure is among the main challenges in many countries. As the population grows, especially in the developing countries, the issues of building bridges, roads, electrical, water and sewage systems are getting more important. Engineers have to restore the existing infrastructure and to find the ways to improve it while taking into consideration the ecological balance and the beauty of the cities.

3. The planet population is rising and temperatures are getting higher. Engineers are responsible for making the changes necessary to prevent damage caused by climate change. Engineers look for the ways of building dams and digging wells at a suitable rate, building solar desalination plants for providing fresh drinking water. Using alternative (solar, wind, hydropower) energy sources, reducing pollution generated by plants and companies are just some of the methods applied by engineers.

4. Innovation in health care is highly important because of the increased life expectancy. There is a constant need for new inventions to improve the efficiency of current technologies. Engineers and doctors must develop personalized strategies and medicines because there is a difference in how people react to the same treatment.

5. We are living in the century of high technologies. Many functions of everyday life are handled in cyberspace. Everything from national security to the electrical grid requires safe storage. Cybercrime through the Internet has become an integral part of our life and a real threat when money becomes the target for cyber criminals. Engineers design the systems for keeping cyberspace secure through the firewalls at the point of entry and biometrics like fingerprint readers. Much more work is needed to protect people from cyber criminals.

Decide if the following statement is true, false or not given according to the passage:

In the past, scientists could not overcome major engineering problems.

1. Engineering makes our life comfortable. Engineering developments include automobiles, computers, radio and television, airplanes and space crafts, mobile phones, air conditioning and refrigeration systems, water supply networks, nuclear reactors, highways, laser and fiber optics, petroleum and gas refineries, tools for medical diagnostics, high performance materials, and so on. Engineers apply science and technology to find solutions to everyday problems.

2. The major branches of engineering are chemical, civil, electrical and mechanical engineering. Chemical engineers apply the principles of mathematics, chemistry and physics for operating chemical process at an industrial scale. Civil engineers design, construct, and maintain buildings, railways, roads, bridges, dams, tunnels, and water supply systems. Electrical engineers design, develop, test and supervise electrical and electronic systems, for example, electrical circuits, computer systems, optical fibers, electromechanical devices, generators, and telecommunications. Mechanical engineers design and manufacture the dynamic structures including hand-operated tools and complicated systems (compressors, engines, turbines, weapons, and agricultural machinery).

3. Numerous branches of engineering emerged due to the rapid development of technologies. For example, biomolecular, material and corrosion engineering emerged from chemical engineering; environmental, transport, water resources and utility engineering are subdisciplines of civil engineering; optical, computer and power engineering are the parts of electrical engineering; acoustical, optomechanical engineering and sports engineering are the constituents of mechanical engineering. The traditional fields of engineering tend to combine with the new ones. For example, Earth systems engineering and management combine environmental science, engineering studies and ethics; robotics involves computer science skills, electrical and mechanical engineering.

4. Science enables people to understand the outside world, and engineering applies the scientific principles by designing and constructing new things for a safe and comfortable human life.

Match the information in the following statement to the correct paragraph in the passage (1, 2, 3, 4):

Engineers apply scientific principles to make things that serve people.

1. Engineering makes our life comfortable. Engineering developments include automobiles, computers, radio and television, airplanes and space crafts, mobile phones, air conditioning and refrigeration systems, water supply networks, nuclear reactors, highways, laser and fiber optics, petroleum and gas refineries, tools for medical diagnostics, high performance materials, and so on. Engineers apply science and technology to find solutions to everyday problems.

2. The major branches of engineering are chemical, civil, electrical and mechanical engineering. Chemical engineers apply the principles of mathematics, chemistry and physics for operating chemical process at an industrial scale. Civil engineers design, construct, and maintain buildings, railways, roads, bridges, dams, tunnels, and water supply systems. Electrical engineers design, develop, test and supervise electrical and electronic systems, for example, electrical circuits, computer systems, optical fibers, electromechanical devices, generators, and telecommunications. Mechanical engineers design and manufacture the dynamic structures including hand-operated tools and complicated systems (compressors, engines, turbines, weapons, and agricultural machinery).

3. Numerous branches of engineering emerged due to the rapid development of technologies. For example, biomolecular, material and corrosion engineering emerged from chemical engineering; environmental, transport, water resources and utility engineering are subdisciplines of civil engineering; optical, computer and power engineering are the parts of electrical engineering; acoustical, optomechanical engineering and sports engineering are the constituents of mechanical engineering. The traditional fields of engineering tend to combine with the new ones. For example, Earth systems engineering and management combine environmental science, engineering studies and ethics; robotics involves computer science skills, electrical and mechanical engineering.

4. Science enables people to understand the outside world, and engineering applies the scientific principles by designing and constructing new things for a safe and comfortable human life.

Choose the correct answer to the following question:

What is chemical engineering concerned with?

1. Engineering makes our life comfortable. Engineering developments include automobiles, computers, radio and television, airplanes and space crafts, mobile phones, air conditioning and refrigeration systems, water supply networks, nuclear reactors, highways, laser and fiber optics, petroleum and gas refineries, tools for medical diagnostics, high performance materials, and so on. Engineers apply science and technology to find solutions to everyday problems.

2. The major branches of engineering are chemical, civil, electrical and mechanical engineering. Chemical engineers apply the principles of mathematics, chemistry and physics for operating chemical process at an industrial scale. Civil engineers design, construct, and maintain buildings, railways, roads, bridges, dams, tunnels, and water supply systems. Electrical engineers design, develop, test and supervise electrical and electronic systems, for example, electrical circuits, computer systems, optical fibers, electromechanical devices, generators, and telecommunications. Mechanical engineers design and manufacture the dynamic structures including hand-operated tools and complicated systems (compressors, engines, turbines, weapons, and agricultural machinery).

3. Numerous branches of engineering emerged due to the rapid development of technologies. For example, biomolecular, material and corrosion engineering emerged from chemical engineering; environmental, transport, water resources and utility engineering are subdisciplines of civil engineering; optical, computer and power engineering are the parts of electrical engineering; acoustical, optomechanical engineering and sports engineering are the constituents of mechanical engineering. The traditional fields of engineering tend to combine with the new ones. For example, Earth systems engineering and management combine environmental science, engineering studies and ethics; robotics involves computer science skills, electrical and mechanical engineering.

4. Science enables people to understand the outside world, and engineering applies the scientific principles by designing and constructing new things for a safe and comfortable human life.

Decide if the following statement is true, false or not given according to the passage:

Engineering has a wide range of branches, and there is a need for interdisciplinary engineering.