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Human red blood cells (erythrocytes)

have no nuclei, but retain the ability to actively divide (mitosis).

women generally have 4.8 million red blood cells in 1 mm³ of blood, men have about 5.4 million in the same volume.

in individuals adapted to higher altitudes with a lower partial pressure of atmospheric oxygen, we find a higher number of erythrocytes than in lowland individuals.

are approximately 7.5×2.1 µm in size and resemble biconcave discs.

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Which statement/s is/are correct about monocytes?

Monocytes circulate in the blood for about 8 hours, then enter the vasculature where they transform into macrophages.

The monoblast differentiates into promonocytes, which further divide and differentiate into mature monocytes.

They have a segmented nucleus, making them one of the so-called polymorphonuclears.

The precursor cell for monocytes is the monoblast.

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develops from a megakaryocyte.

differentiates into plasma cells.

develops from a hemocytoblast.

differentiates into a macrophage.

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Platelets (thrombocytes)

under physiological conditions, there are 150,000 to 400,000 in 1 mm3.

mechanically and chemically assist blood clotting (hemostasis).

come from megakaryocytes.

are cell fragments of 2 to 4 µm in size.

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The components of blood include

blood plasma with a pH of about 7.4.

plasma proteins such as fibrinogen, albumins, globulins.

cell elements suspended in plasma.

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Which statement/s is/are correct about erythropoiesis?

A reticulocyte is an immature, nucleusless form of red blood cell that can already perform the function of an erythrocyte.

A proerythroblast is a spherical cell about 15-20 μm in size that divides to produce erythroblasts.

In a polychromatophilic erythroblast, there is already so much hemoglobin in the cell that the cytoplasm loses its basophilia.

Hemoglobin synthesis begins in the basophilic erythroblast.

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Increased differential lymphocyte count is most likely to indicate

an early sign of arterial bleeding.

hematopoietic malignancy, e.g. leukemia or lymphoma.

an active viral infection in the body.

advanced HIV infection with signs of AIDS.

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Plasmocyte (plasma cell)

arises from a B-lymphocyte.

is found in connective tissue.

is a cell that produces antibodies (immunoglobulins).

is a cell of the blood plasma.

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Neutrophilic granulocytes

are multiplied during inflammation.

form 50-70% of leukocytes.

have the ability to phagocytose (become microphages in tissues).

form 3-5% of leukocytes.

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are the largest cells of the peripheral blood.

continue to mature into normoblast.

make up about 50% of peripheral blood erythrocytes in a healthy person.

have no nuclei but contain remnants of organelles (polyribosomes).

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