A period when Earth had no glaciers at all.

The most recent glacial maximum during the last Ice Age.

A time when almost every continent on Earth was covered in ice

A period when glaciers were limited to the polar regions.

Sea ice forms from frozen seawater, while glaciers form from compacted snow on land.

Sea ice forms only on land, while glaciers form in the ocean.

Sea ice forms at temperatures above 0 °C.

Sea ice is thicker and older than glacier ice.

Natural climate variations in Earth’s history have been caused by multiple interacting factors such as volcanic activity, solar changes, and greenhouse gases.

Each factor that influences climate—like volcanoes or orbital changes—acts independently and never affects the others.

Climate change always happens rapidly, within a few decades.

Climate change has only occurred in the past 200 years due to human activity.

Venus

Mercury

Jupiter’s moon Io

Earth

Movement of the plates

Clouds and weather

A solid core

Oceans

Solid sheets of metal

Hot lava

Ice and rock particles

Gas

Iron oxides (rust)

Lava

Water and ice

Gold

It has a thick atmosphere

It has active volcanoes

It has little erosion

It is covered in oceans

Dull; Earthy

Phaneritic; Aphanitic

Vitreous; metallic

Foliated; Non-foliated

The hardest rock in the crust

The oldest rock in the planet

What a metamorphic rock was before metamorphism

Rocks formed from meteorite impact