A physician is suturing a cut wound in the emergency room, he applied a local anesthetic (lidocaine) to the wound to prevent pain. Which is the single most likely mechanism of action of the applied drug?

A student performs lung function tests. His TV is 500 ml and his inspiratory capacity is 3140 ml. What is the single most likely value of his inspiratory reserve volume?

A 35 years old women having fever,chest pain and rapid breathing. The physician demised breathing sound on auscultation of the right infraclavicular region and ask for X-ray of the chest. From the given chest X-ray which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 45 years old man develops generalized lymph node enlargement. He also has  dyspnea, cough and wheezes. The physician requests a CT chest scan. You are given this image from the CT chest that was done (mediastinal window). 

A 12 year old boy comes to chest clinic with an episode of chest tightness and wheezes.  His mother tells the pulmonogist  that he his nebulizer sessions  improve  his chest condition. The pulmonogist suspects that the boy has bronchial asthma.

What is the single best investigation  to confirm that the boy has bronchial asthma?

A clinical trial is done to measure the effect of a new influenza vaccine compared to an old one. Incidence rate of influenza in the new vaccine group is 10% while it is 20% in the old vaccine group.

A 6 year old boy visits the pediatrician with his mother. He has had diarrhea for 2 days and the physician prescribes oral rehydration solution, to provide the boy with the glucose and sodium he needs.

What is the single most likely mechanism of absorption of the prescribed treatment at the intestinal lumen?

A woman with ventricular arrhythmias is started on procainamide. She has slow acetylator phenotype. 

What is the most likely adverse effect that this woman is at risk for?

A 2-day-old newborn is diagnosed with pulmonary stenosis, overriding of the aorta, ventricular septal defect and hypertrophy of the right ventricle. 

What is the most likely clinical condition that this child has?

A 60 year old man is brought to the emergency department with loss of consciousness, on examination his ABP is 200/120, respiration is irregular and his heart rate is 50 b/min. CT brain reveals extradural hemorrhage.