A 65 year old woman comes to emergency department with severe dizziness and fainting episodes. Upon examination, her heart rate is 45 beats per minute, and her blood pressure is significantly low. She is not taking any medications that could explain these symptoms.

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is most likely responsible for her symptoms?

An 18 year old student is performing strenuous exercise.

What is the most likely effect on hir airway resistance at peak performance and why?

A 50 year old man is performing a test for measuring diffusion capacity of respiratory membrane. The specialist asks you to connect the suitable gas tube for performing the test.

What’s the most likely gas you would be looking for in the components of the used tube?

A 30 year old gentleman breathes quietly under resting conditions. An intra-esophageal balloon is used for measuring his intrapleural pressure. What is the expected Intra-alveolar pressure at the end of inspiration, and end of expiration respectively?

Five healthy men participating in a pulmonary function study are each asked to modify their tidal volume (TV) and respiration rate (RR) for 2 minutes. Which volunteer has the lowest alveolar ventilation (mL/min) during this time?

A 26 year old gentleman expires forcibly with closed glottis (Valsalva’s maneuver).

What is the expected Intrapleural pressure?

A 14-year-old boy presents to the Emergency department with an an acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma after exercise. Based on this diagnosis, which combination of changes in residual volume (RV) and total lung capacity (TLC) are expected in this patient?

A 50 year old man visits the dermatologist with painful skin blisters, the physician examines him and finds that he has herpes zoster virus infection.

Which neurological structure the virus is dormant at?

A 43-year-old man with a complaint of sharp, localized pain over the thoracic wall is diagnosed with pleural effusion. Through which intercostal space along the midaxillary line is it most appropriate to insert a chest tube to drain the effusion fluid?

A 55-year-old female is admitted to the hospital with difficulty breathing. Radiographic examination reveals a tumor invading the lung surface anterior to the hilum. Which nerve is most likely compressed by the tumor to result in dyspnea?